Chapter One of Persuasion by Jane Austen Essay - 1153 Words

Chapter One of Persuasion by Jane Austen Chapter one of Persuasion makes use of a highly economic narrative style, which celebrates Austen’s success as a novelist. Austen’s narrative style is so successful in chapter one of Persuasion as many of the characters are introduced to the reader along with the majority of the main themes which concern them in the novel. Austen clearly underlines that she is writing with a novelist’s voice, using traditional conventions of third person with past tense. This first hint of Austen’s narration style is shown in chapter one and reappears again in chapter eleven where it is evident that Austen has become an omniscient narrator. This highlights to the reader that everything we are told in†¦show more content†¦The idea that Sir Walter cannot produce a son shows, to an extent, that Sir Walter’s family is falling in social rank, as his daughters can be seen as a metaphor to suggest Sir Walter’s own impotence in society with the further decline of the Elliot household. Another important theme in Persuasion is introduced to us in the opening chapter in the guise of vanity and appearances. â€Å"He could read his own history with an interest which never failed – this was the page at which the favourite volume always opened: ‘Elliot of Kellynch Hall. Walter Elliot, born March 1, 1760.† Sir Walter’s obsession with his own history shows us that vanity is Walter Elliot’s driving force in life. It also goes to show Sir Walter’s carelessness of major affairs, as the only script he cares to read is his own â€Å"Baronetage†. When describing Walter Elliot, Austen uses flattering language, such as â€Å"fine†, â€Å"beauty† and â€Å"good looks†. There is a tone of acute amusement and gentle contempt in Austen’s writing with â€Å"Sir Walter Elliot, who united these gifts, was the constant object of his warmest respect and devotion†. This tone almost suggests to us that Austen does not perceive beauty to be of the utmost importance in life. By saying of Sir Walter that â€Å"he could read his own history with an interest which never failed†Show MoreRelatedThe Ingredients of a Fantastic Piece of Literature1138 Words   |  5 Pages Jane Austen: one of the most famous authors of British literature. Her numerous literary devices and complex novels made dozens of critics consider her as one of the most important authors of her era. Additionally, I also support his claim thoroughly. A master of her craft on her time period, Austen helped to define her era with her novel Persuasion. An ever-changing plot, dozens of complex characters and indirect characterization make this novel a great representation of the literature of theRead MoreEssay on Jane Austens Attitudes to Marriage in Persuasion1231 Words   |  5 PagesJane Austens Attitudes to Marriage in Persuasion In Persuasion, marriage is one of the major themes of the novel, and Austens attitudes towards marriage are present in chapter four of the novel. The first episode in which we can examine Austens attitudes to marriage is in chapter four. In chapter four we must notice that there is no direct speech, which shows that all of the narration is Austen, with her views and opinions being presented to us. When talking of Mr. Wentworth, AustenRead MoreJanes Austens Use of Realism in Persuasion Essay995 Words   |  4 PagesJane Austen only ever had six completed novels the last to be published being Persuasion (1818), all of which were based around the realist and novel of manners genre. Persuasion which falls into both these categories follows the tale of Anne Elliott, a character based upon the Cinderella archetype. Romanticism and novels of manners still to this day serves the same purpose, it provides the reader with a window in which to peer into someone elses life, some may have seen their reflections, especiallyRead MoreA Close Analysis Of Jane Austen s Persuasion1098 Words   |  5 PagesA close analysis of Jane Austen’s Persuasion (Extract 3) Many readers of Persuasion believe Austen uses the namesake â€Å"persuasion† too neutrally. She appears to passively describe the results when the protagonist is persuaded to abandon Wentworth’s first proposal, but actually has much to say on being persuadable, and mainly argues that it is not inherently wrong. Persuasion in the novel’s early chapters works in two forms: as an overpowering force on the foolish like Sir Walter, or as an importantRead MoreEssay on The Life of Jane Austen1128 Words   |  5 Pages The Life of Jane Austen The life of Jane Austen is a very interesting story and many would say that Jane Austen wasn’t like the rest. She was an English novelist who was not only successful but also very quiet about her writings and publishments; most of her novels were not open to the public during her lifetime. She was born on December 16th of the year 1775, and she was the seventh child to a well known clergyman and wife. Jane was not educated like most would be; she was homeschooled by herRead MoreEssay about Feminism in Jane Austen1034 Words   |  5 Pages Feminism in Jane Austen quot;I often wonder how you can find time for what you do, in addition to the care of the house; and how good Mrs. West could have written such books and collected so many hard works, with all her family cares, is still more a matter of astonishment! Composition seems to me impossible with a head full of joints of mutton and doses of rhubarb.quot; -- Jane Austen, letter of September 8 1816 to Cassandra quot;I will only add in justice to men, that though to the largerRead MoreIn Jane Austen’s Persuasion love and family is a major thing I learned to see and control just1300 Words   |  6 PagesIn Jane Austen’s Persuasion love and family is a major thing I learned to see and control just because of this book. Jane Austen is a very interesting woman. She is 7 out of 8 kids. Her sister and her Cassandra were very close. Both had plenty of chances of marring and having a family. By 25, she had written 3 books, Persuasion not being one of them. She had written her last book in 1818, Persuasion. In my eyes Jane was a normal England girl. She was homed school, had a big loving family, and perusedRead MoreSocial Class in Jane Austen997 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout this essay , I will be looking at the theme of social class in Jane Austen’s work  ; critically analysed by Juliet McMaster, a chapter taken from ‘The Cambridge Companion to Jane Austen’, edited by Edward Copeland and Juliet McMaster. Jane Austens novels at first glance tell a story of romance, set within the landowning society amidst country estates, and their cultivation of tea parties, social outings, and extravagant balls; ladies frolicking in flowing gowns through decorated roomsRead More Characters of Sir Walter Elliot and Anne Elliot in Jane Austens Persuasion1915 Words   |  8 PagesThe Characters of Sir Walter Elliot and Anne Elliot in Persuasion  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In Persuasion, by Jane Austen, there are many exceptional characters. Perhaps two of the most memorable are Sir Walter Elliot, and his daughter, Anne Elliot. These characters are well shaped and have something about them that transcends time and social class, enabling readers of the all ages, to feel they have something in common with them. Jane Austen has created a very silly, vain man with immense family pride inRead MoreNervousness in the 19th Century1283 Words   |  6 Pagesaccording to Dr. George M. Beard, â€Å"strictly deficiency or lack of nerve-force† (American Nervousness, vi) in the 19th century. Nervousness at the time, was commonly acknowledged and accepted, so much so that it was written into literature, such as many of Jane Austen’s works. Many doctors considered nervousness to be a â€Å"woman’s disease† meaning that women were the most afflicted by this condition. Doctors of the 19th century have found excuses to restrict, restrain, objectify and metaphorically and literally

A Better Understanding Of The Great Mexican By Juan Rulfo

In order to get a better understanding of the great Mexican author Juan Rulfo and his writings, one must familiarize themselves with the context of his time and the events and complex formation of Mexico. Mexico identified itself as a free nation in 1821, but did not see structural change in society until 1857 with a new Constitution influenced by Benito Juà ¡rez’s Laws of Reform. This Constitution was considered to be very liberal by the conservatives of Mexico. As a result, the War of Reform, also known as the Three Years War launched. This war caused Mexico to go bankrupt to the point that they could no longer pay the European debt. France decided to intervene in 1862 by appointing Maximilian to the new Mexican Empire, where the government would go back to being conservative, like the monarchy in France. In 1867, Juà ¡rez was able to reestablish the Republic of Mexico. Shortly after, Mexico fell under the oppression of Porfirio Dà ­az, a dictatorship that lasted for thir ty years. Following this dictatorship was the Mexican Revolution. Being born during the Mexican Revolution, which lasted from 1910 to 1920, was already the start of Rulfo’s complicated life. Juan Rulfo was born May 16, 1918 in Apulco, Jalisco, Mexico, â€Å"a small village, an agglomeration that belongs to the district of Sayula† once stated Rulfo (Leal, 4). In 1925 Rulfo’s father was assassinated. Shortly following this misfortune and the end of the Mexican Revolution was the Cristero War of 1926 to 1929.

Advantage and Disadvantage of Social Media - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about the Advantage and Disadvantage of Social Media. Answer: Social Media Marketing has become increasingly beneficial for all the businesses if the present scenario is considered (Tuten and Solomon 2017). However, there are certain limitations of social media marketing as well. The business owners spend only six to seven hours every week for increasing the traffic, the business recognition, and the sales with hardly any cost. Around ninety percent of the marketers have been claiming that the social media tends to generate exposure for the company, which is a great advantage for the business. The social network is considered an important part of all the marketing strategies, and the advantages of social media are being implemented by most of the companies (DeMers 2014). Hospitality and tourism are also making use of social media marketing as well (Minnazi 2015). The purpose of this argumentative essay is to highlight the advantages that are resultant due to the use of social media for promoting the business. However, due to the argumentative n ature of the essay, there will be counter arguments that will show how social media can lead to a negative influence on the overall business. Social media is considered a very cost-efficient method of digital marketing, which helps in syndicating the content and increasing the visibility of the business. The brand recognition of the company increases when proper strategies are created (Whiting and Deshpande 2014). This happens because the company starts to engage more customers. To start this, social media profiles have to be created for the business. The company has to interact with both the present and target customers. The company should get the employees, the business partners and the sponsors to like, comment and share the page on various social media platforms like Facebook, Instagram, Twitter and LinkedIn. When people interact with the content that a company has, the brand awareness starts increasing automatically (Monica and Balas 2014). The constant interaction helps in developing an overall better brand image. The posts that are shared are introduced to new individuals, which will make them the potential customer s. Moreover, the more people get to know about a business and its products and services, the better it is for the business. The added benefit is that the company owners do not have to spend a long time on social media. A proper utilization of the social media allows more users to connect with the business and the company gets more hits on their webpage. This leads to better exposure for the business and hence garnering positive financial growth. With the regular use of the social media, businesses can create a big audience base. A study was conducted on the young Egyptians to find out the attitude that they had towards fast-food advertising in the widely used social media platform, Facebook. The study provides an insight for the marketers to make the advertisements effective on these platforms (Gaber and Wright 2014). Search Engine Optimization or SEO is extremely important for the businesses. It is true that when a company posts on the various social media platforms, it helps to gain traffic, but more effort is required for significant success. Search Engine Optimization is necessary for achieving a high page rank in the search engines like Google or Yahoo (Clarke 2015). It also helps to obtain the traffic to the business website. The page ranks do not increase directly with the help of the social media, but studies have suggested that the marketers who use social media have gained high ranks in the search engines. The business that gains a top rank for the keywords that it used, will get more traffic and will be able to generate effective results for the business. All the people use Google for finding any important information and they never skip visiting the first search result. This is because the answer is normally on the first search webpage and the use of social media enhances the SEO of th e business. In case if the website of a business does not have a high rank, the Search Engine Optimization should be adjusted. In order to gain a high rank with the help of the social media, the business should pay attention to their contents that should be of a high quality. This also helps in increasing the target keywords. The contents that include infographics, blogs, case studies, employee photos and business information help in making the profile credible and interesting. It also allows the business to come across the industry influencers, who will write in a positive light about the business. These influencers also help in increasing the ranks on the search engines directly. However, it should be noted that almost everyone has a social media account on the leading social media platforms like Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and LinkedIn. They have the freedom to post anything that they want on the pages of the companies. The customers who are satisfied with a particular product or service will leave positive reviews. On the other hand, the unhappy customers can leave angry and negative feedbacks regarding the business. Negative feedbacks are not good for the company as it not only ruin the reputation but also drives away the target customers (Fuchs 2017). The company should handle this situation by communicating directly with the unhappy customer and enquiring the issue. Even if a customer has left a negative comment, a proper response from the company can help in uplifting the image of the company. At the same time, it should be noted that, maintaining a social media page is not an easy task. It is extremely time-consuming and requires a lot of effort to keep the presence in the social media interactive. A company that has a comparatively smaller team will not be able to devote the required resources to the social media. Though this is considered a drawback, companies that invest their time in social media can create a lasting and healthy relationship with their clients and customers. This will also help in increasing the customer base, and the company will gain knowledge about the demands that the customers have and design services and products accordingly. When the companies interact with their clients and customers on a daily basis, they start to become more loyal. The loyal customers tend to spend more amount of money on the company that they prefer and inform their closed ones. Social media is a powerful tool to enhance the image of a business in public as well as increase the sustainability of the business in the market. The huge scale at which the web 2.0 platform works allows businesses to connect with their customers and maintain a relationship that will lead to building of trust among them. Reference list Clarke, A., 2015. Search engine optimization 2016: Learn SEO with smart internet marketing strategies.CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform. DeMers, J., 2014. The top 10 benefits of social media marketing.Forbes,[online]: https://www. forbes. com/sites/jaysondemers/2014/08/11/the-top-10-benefits-of-social-media-marketing. Fuchs, C., 2017.Social media: A critical introduction. Sage. Gaber, H.R. and Wright, L.T., 2014. Fast-food advertising in social media. A case study on Facebook in Egypt.Journal of Business and Retail Management Research,9(1). Minazzi, R., 2015.Social media marketing in tourism and hospitality. Heidelberg: Springer. Monica, B. and Bala?, R., 2014. Social media marketing to increase brand awareness.Journal of Economics and Business Research,20(2), pp.155-164. Tuten, T.L. and Solomon, M.R., 2017.Social media marketing. Sage. Whiting, A. and Deshpande, A., 2014. Social media marketing: A myth or a necessity.The Journal of Applied Business and Economics,16(5), p.74.

Popular Culture and Art Essays (344 words) - Visual Arts

Popular Culture and Art Amber B. Williamson ARTS/125 March 7, 2016 Jamie Welch Popular Culture and Art During the twentieth century, America began to see a unique form of pop art. Pop art is a form of art that uses imagery, styles, and themes of advertising, mass media, and popular culture. Two of the most well-known artist of this movement is Robert Rauschenberg and Andy Warhol. Both artist were intrigued by using popular events or people and creating collages. Rauschenberg's, "Retroactive", is most famous for the oil and silkscreen ink on a canvas. It includes pictures from magazines of events that was happening at that time. He believed that a picture should not look like something that it isn't. He wanted it to look like something that it is and a picture is more like the real world when it's made out of the real world. Warhol's famous collage is "Marilyn Diptych". In 1962, after the death of Marilyn Monroe, Warhol made this piece that contains fifty images of Marilyn. Warhol loved the use famous celebrities in his pieces. Marilyn Diptych was named the third most influential piece of modern art in a survey by The Guardian. During this era, both Rauschenberg and Warhol used current events and famous people that was well known throughout American. Rauschenberg focused more on the events that was happening during the time. Warhol pieces contained more celebrities and commercial icons. Both artist may had different approaches of pop art but they are both the best of this time. If I was to create a piece about my daily experiences out of found object and imagery I would have to use my children's playroom. I have two little girls and no matter how much I clean, the playroom is always a mess. There always seems to be toys on the floor and juice cups on the tables. This picture of the playroom may not seem like art to others but it shows the true essences of the room. References Doss, E. (2002). Oxford History of Art : Twentieth-Century American Art. Cary, NC, USA: Oxford Paperbacks. Retrieved from http://www.ebrary.com.

Dubaya Essays - Bush Family, Livingston Family, Schuyler Family

Dubaya He brought his father's sterling name, degrees from Yale and Harvard, some $13,000 left in his trust fund, and his strongest personal asset an exuberant charm spiked with wisecracks. Bush never found much oil in Texas, but he slowly found his way. He married and fathered twin girls, quit drinking, began studying Scripture, and made his an unsuccessful foray into the family business by running for Congress. He learned to court friends and political supporters of his father, the vice president. And he hooked up with the oil investors who would eventually help him become managing partner of the Texas Rangers baseball team. Bush used the Rangers post to cultivate celebrity status and prepare for a gutsy, winning challenge to Democratic Gov. Ann Richards in 1994. The Rangers deal also made him a multimillionaire. George Walker Bush was born July 6, 1946 in New Haven, Conn., where his father, already a flying hero of World War II, was charging through Yale. When he was 2, his parents moved West to chase the oil boom. But young George also endured great sorrow at age 7, when his little sister Robin died of leukemia. The next child, now Florida Gov. Jeb Bush, was seven years younger. Three others followed: Neil, stung by the S Marvin, a venture capitalist; and Doro, wife of a Washington lobbyist and mother of four. None seems to have felt the weight of their father's successes as much as the eldest, often called ``Junior'' although he's one name short of George Herbert Walker Bush. He followed his father's path to prep school in Andover, Mass., and then Yale, but failed to live up to his legacy in academics or sports. Instead, he's remembered at Andover for organizing stickball tournaments and lavish pep rallies that brightened an otherwise rigid campus. At Yale, like his father, he was tapped for the secret Skull and Bones society and became president of Delta Kappa Epsilon. Fraternity brothers remember him as ``the life of the party'' among a group preoccupied by beer, sports, soul music and, of course, girls. Friends say Bush avoided the nascent Vietnam War protests at Yale and didn't brook criticism of his father, then a Texas congressman supporting the war. Shortly before graduation in 1968, Bush signed up for pilot training in the Texas Air National Guard, where it was unlikely he would be sent to Vietnam. Bush says he wanted to learn to fly like his father; he denies allegations that family connections helped win a coveted slot and avoid the draft. Thus began what Bush calls his ``nomadic period.'' He moved to a singles complex in Houston, chased women, drank bourbon, tooled around in a sports car and flew F-102 fighters on weekends. He bounced through several jobs, helped with his father's congressional campaign, and worked for a year at a charity that mentored poor black boys. He was trying to ``reconcile who I was and who my dad was, to establish my own identity in my own way,'' Bush said in a 1989 interview. Unsure what to do next, he enrolled in Harvard, earning a master's of business administration. At age 29, Bush returned to the town where he was raised, to grow up. For him, it was ``entrepreneurial heaven.'' On the heels of the Arab oil embargo, prices were skyrocketing and fortunes were blossoming. With guidance from his father's local friends, Bush began as a ``land man,'' putting together deals to buy mineral rights. No one would have known from his worn jeans and hand-me-down shirts that his father was ambassador to China. Friends introduced Bush to Laura Welch, a reserved librarian who had attended junior high with him in Midland. They were married three months later. She became a stabilizing influence. The marriage started on the campaign trail in an unlikely bid for an open congressional seat. Bush staged an upset in the '78 GOP primary but he lost the general election after Democrat Kent Hance successfully branded him a carpetbagger. Buoyed by investments from family friends back East, his oil exploration business performed modestly well until prices plummeted in 1981. Two Cincinnati investors gave

Information Technology Acts

Information Technology Acts Children’s Internet Protection Act, 2000 Almost every home, library and school in the US has computers as well as access to the internet. These have become very important to children’s success in their academic work. However, the internet can expose them to online predators as well as inappropriate material. The increase in use of the internet by children especially teenagers brought in concerns about the need to prevent illegal activities over the internet.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Information Technology Acts specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The US Congress enacted the Children’s Internet Protection Act, 2000 to address access to offensive content through the internet. The Act requires schools as well as libraries to put content filters on their information systems to prevent minors from accessing inappropriate sites and contents (Reynolds, 2006). Content devices are placed to block obsce ne and child pornography pictures, as well as, any other material deemed to cause harm to minors. The passing of this Act was prompted by the increase of global network which enabled minors to chart or communicate through email and chart rooms. This was deemed to pose risks to minors who can still be easily deceived by those who pretend to have good intent. Besides, software for hacking and spyware had become very common, meaning that anybody could easily illegally gain access to minors’ information if they wanted to for any reason. Hacking allows unauthorized access, disclosure as well as dissemination of personal identification information about children and teenagers. This posed great risks to minors who access the internet. There were concerns that some of these software companies develop software which enable them track minors’ web-surfing activities, and as a result sell the information to market research companies (Reynolds, 2006). This is illegitimate and again st the Privacy Act. Marketing companies and other firms use such information to send email advertisements by use of ardware through minors’ email addresses, regardless of their ages and the risks associated with the products or activities. Again, the internet allows those who develop pornography movies and pictures to distribute them online. Some of these contents are freely available online and always attract minors’ attention. Such inappropriate contents contribute to minors being involved in immoral activities which include sex when they are not yet mature. The internet also allows drug gangs to make attractive advertisements which allow them to easily recruit teenagers into their drug and gang activities. Computer Fraud and Abuse Act, 1986 The Act was passed to help reduce cracking of information systems as well as to deal with federal computer-related offenses. It governs cases where information systems are used to carry out crimes involving interstate as well as foreign commerce. It also covers the use of computers to commit crimes related to illegal access or use of computers of financial institutions or the federal government.Advertising Looking for essay on it? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The act was passed as a result of the development of electronic funds transfer systems, hacking software, spyware, virus and the increase in adoption of information systems in institutions. The adoption of electronic funds transfers created real concerns about fraud or illegal transfer of funds from financial institutions. Fraudsters are able to maliciously access data and use various techniques to steal money from financial institutions or individual accounts. The development of credit cards, ATM cards and automated machines has increased the risks of fraud. Criminals skim credit card details by swiping them through card reader to copy the information contained in their magnetic str ip, and use them to generate cloned cards (Stamp Walker, 2007). Companies have developed handheld skimmers which can fit into pockets and hands, which allow fraudsters to secretly swipe cards without the knowledge of the owners. Some of these skimmers are attached to ATMs in the card slot. They are used in combination with pinhole cameras to record customers entering PIN. Fraudsters can also take advantage of their powerful encrypting software to encrypt passwords of employees in a financial institution to transfer funds from the institution to a financial institution in another country. The development of online financial transactions has also increased fraud risk. Hackers can hack financial details of an individual or institution through unauthorized leaks in the system and use it carry out fraud activities, which includes illegal transfer of funds and assets across countries. Software companies and individuals continuously develop password hacking software which hackers and crac kers use to view activities of other remotely connected computers. They are therefore able to spy activities of institutions of the federal government or monitor the financial activities of financial institutions. There also software which enables them to capture the activities of these institutions or damage vital data belonging to these institutions (Wienbar, 2004). These software enable them crack passwords since they are stronger than firewall and other filters. They can therefore illegally gain access to confidential information and use it to achieve their own personal interest. Spyware and viruses have been developed to cause damage and to gain unauthorized access to federal information. They can be used to hack, delete files or information stored in protected computers vital to the federal government or institutions. New technologies such as spyware can be used to collect information from corporate or public institutions without the knowledge of the computer users. They can b e used to monitor computer users, collect personal information and take control of the computer of computer systems.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Information Technology Acts specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More They can install additional software which may include virus, and interfere with functionality of other computer programs. The development of webcams also poses great risks. Individuals remotely activate webcams embedded in computers used in institutions to secretly capture activities, and therefore illegally monitor activities of individuals and institutions. Reference List Reynolds, G. (2006). Ethics in information technology, 2nd Ed. St Peter Port: Course Technology Inc. Stamp, J., Walker, J. (2007). Money laundering in Australia, 2004: Trends and issues in crime and criminal justice. Australian Institute of Criminology, 342. Wienbar, S. (2004). The Spyware Inferno. News.com. Web.

With reference to the UK, examine and discuss the methods open to a Essay - 1

With reference to the UK, examine and discuss the methods open to a government to control the rate of inflation within an economy - Essay Example According to the Office for National Statistics (ONS) inflation in the UK rose to 2.2 per cent in January 2008, 0.2 per cent above the governments two per cent target. Retail price index (RPI) inflation rose to 4.1 per cent in January, up from four per cent in December. Although rising utilities bills and an increase in producer price index (PPI) inflation will keep upward pressure on inflation, the drop in demand for consumer products - such as clothing, footwear and electricals - seen in January could offset the higher food and fuel prices, analysts believe (Office of National Statistics 2008). Balancing the state budget is viewed by the economists as the way to help ease inflation. More efficient way is to keep the state budget ath the surplus and to hold expenditures at a low level. Budget can also be balanced by cutting taxes, and then trimming expenditures enough to make outgo match income. Tight money is probably the anti-inflationary weapon that is most widely used by capitalist economies today all around the world. By tight money it is meant holding down the ability of banks to make additional loans, so that household or businesses borrowers find it much more difficult--and much, much more expensive--to take out a loan. Tight money certainly slows down the pace of economic buying and producing. To a lesser extent it also slows down inflation, although there is no iron law that says prices must fall just because less is being produced or bought. Mainly the result of tight money is to intensify competition in a sluggish business setting, and that may bring prices down or stop them from going up: the bargains in air fares may be an example of this. The difficulties with tight money are is that the impact of credit stringency is very uneven--dealing serious blows, even death blows, to small business; leaving big business, with its powerful credit sources, relatively unscathed. Another problem is