Nonprofit organizations Essay

TASC which stands for discourse alternative for safe communities is nonprofit making face providing access to recovery and specialized run for deal pertain in corrections, criminal justice, public aid systems and child welf be. TASCS programs serve more than 30,000 people each year across Illinois every year including transitional programs for providing worry for clinical case to over 4,000 adults each year who enter the federation after incarceration. TASC work together with other service providers and partners to offer sermon, entertain recovery and establish faith based organization.Addiction treatment battle correction has grown in the past three decades due to expansion of merchandise for illicit drugs in United States which started in 1960s and drive for treatment services and intervention. In the areas of societal changes, key leaders have provided counsel on development in the last thirty years. They have shown their disposition on the need and possibilities fo r the field, they assess environmental landscape in consecrate to anticipate the coming trends, take care of appropriate risks, act jointly in advancing the field and use influence and power in achieving a reciprocal vision.New leaders have been developed who are involved in identification and possible growth of individual who bequeath be leaders of the field of alcohol, prevention and treatment of drugs in the years to come. Beyond leadership being understood as competencies and individual skills, cultures need to be developed about leadership at all levels in the organization. Leadership is involved in working together with others to advance the general field. It explores, define and implement strategies to bring together diverse entities under commons purposes and goals.There is a framework for developing leaders by meet efforts such as initiative for partners recovery. the main goals of efforts that are made in development of leadership is to make sure there is continuing phylogeny in leadership and having sound public policy and quality services to everyone. Fragmentation of philosophies has marked the field of preventing substance abuse and treatment of dependency for more than one century. Right now views are different concerning standardizing treatment methods, using medication-assisted treatment, purpose of recovery movement and outcome measures.Instead of a unified voice being presented, the field is described as binary movements with many leaders and institutions having different agendas. Recently, the field is coming together with common philosophies to understand the science of recovery from addiction. Leadership understands societal context where the field is located. Plan for future of addiction treatment begin by assessing on-line(prenominal) environment and anticipating forces and trends for shaping the years to come.Forces in the society are outside(a) to control of the field yet for the people who will be involved in treatment an d recovery their future will be shaped by the people within the field by apprehensiveness opportunities and challenges that whitethorn emerge. The skills for a leader in treating addiction are complex. They need understanding of clinical and all service aspects and have business skills such as property acquisition, financing, contracting and managing profit and nonprofit organizations for organization to be operable and competitive.Leadership is involved in being capable of moving others precedent to achieve strategic vision and his skills are strategic planning, financial development, mentoring and communication. direction is involved in putting in place all radical and processes for effective working of organization. Vital management and business skills include team up building, development of product and service, human resource development and marketing.

Improving homeland security: challenges and improvement Essay

The United States of America had its sh atomic number 18 of enemies since it was considered as the sassy military machine superpower. But with regards to intuition operation service work and the ability to thwart an round off by an external army nothing was as dramatic as the cliff concur attack in 1941. It was a painful lesson in apprehension failure and past presidents vowed it w severely never happen again. But when 9/11 shook the nation, with an attack closer to home, many are enquire who dropped the ball in terms of intelligence work.This paper go forth get word at the major challenges instanced by the US intelligence alliance and the subsequent changes and transformation initiated by govern ment officials to bring upon a mark improvement when it comes to breeding gathering and preventing future attacks in the US homeland. in front going any further it is important to examine the historical background knowledge of US intelligence and how it was shaped by globa l events especially during earthly concern War II and the Cold War with the cause Union Soviet Socialists Republic of Russia. The discussion pull up stakes indeed come in peachy focus to the events surrounding the infamous September 11, 2001 attacks.Background At the circle of the century, the American government, buoyed by the economic progress from the Industrial Age began to jumpstart as a superpower. It was considered by many in the global champaign as a force to contend with. Yet it took an unprovoked attack from an Imperial Army of Japan to finally force into e very(prenominal)ones sentience that indeed America is both feared and respected. So, one Sunday morning, more than lux years ago, Hawaii part of the Union yet situated remote away in the Pacific was mercilessly bombed by Japanese planes.The former President Franklin D. Roosevelt was right in denouncing the surprise attack as a day of infamy. There was no doubt that it was a day of ill repute as America was ru dely made aware of their stiff rising status. And with it comes enemies who perceive America as a threat or a country guilty of exploiting others. Whatever the perception, the US government will have to defend itself from enemies both foreign and domestic. erudition Failure In the aftermath of the Pearl Harbor attack, the U. S.intelligence union was severely criticized for failing to warn the nation of an impending attack from the Japanese aggressors. It was found come forth late that on that point was enough intelligence ga at that placed to have alerted the army base on that point, but it was largely ignored. This is a classic example of intelligence failure and the consequence of which lingers on for a long time. The Pearl Harbor incident was the catalyst that transformed the US Intelligence community. From then on the intelligence gathering capability of the United States of America was forced to improve.And then again, complacency is the predictable effect of success. Wh en Americas chief curse the USSR was toppled down, America finds itself in unfamiliar territory, a world where there is no one to challenge and serve as a counter-balance to Americas military superiority. When everything was quiet no one was able to anticipate that it was and the calm before the storm so to speak. History eerily repeated itself, the infamy of Pearl Harbor was relived again and this time it was not a thousand miles away from the center of America but the enemy potty the economic nerve center of the nation.It was the same cowardly attack that amazed an unprepared government and its people. Predictably, just as it was in Pearl Harbor, there were also a great number of casualties. In spite of the old changes and improvements, the US Intelligence community was again caught flat footed. Intelligent snuff it According to Michael Turner intelligence gathering can have a variety of definitions but for the professional it is encapsulated in the next statements intellig ence is a particular kind of selective information that helps to inform, instruct, and educate the insurance policy world.To consumers of intelligence the policy makers intelligence is that and more. To political leaders a political liability, depending on whether intelligence information helps or hinders the fulfillment of political goals (2005, p. 3). Intelligence gathering is thereof a tool that helps create certainty in a very uncertain world. It follows therefore that intelligence gathering is not merely the save of collecting data but would also mean the interpretation of the same. This opinion of intelligence gathering requires attention and the neglect of which is the root of many intelligence failures.It is simply not enough to have data but there must also be an equally effective means of rendition the said information. Adapting to Change For thousands of years the nature of warfare remained constant. Thus, two oppose camps fight it tabu in the battlefield. Ther e was the effective use of stack movement and the use of military hardware. The commander who can utilize men and resources effectively wins the battle and ultimately the war. But since 9/11 the world has been rudely awakened to a different type of warfare. It is guerilla tactical maneuver brought into urban centers and far away from the conventional fields of war.If this is the new face of war then intelligence gathering must also be transformed to adapt to it. Intelligence gathering must now be geared towards an enemy led not by a traditional army but extremists who will fight for a cause that sometimes transcend national boundaries. Rendered Ineffective Aside from the guerilla tactics utilise by the members of the Al-Qaeda and other terrorist groups another reason for the failure of the US response were the rightfulnesss that prevented for a more thorough investigation of suspicious characters.The vividness of America which is the significant number of civil liberties enjoy ed by its citizens became the liability that was utilise by the terrorists. In fact the 9/11 Commission pointed out that there were laws that were enacted to curtail some of the investigative powers of the FBI. According to the 9/11 Commission, The FBI was criticized, rightly, for the overzealous domestic intelligence investigations disclosed during the 1970s. The pendulum swung away from those types of investigations during the 1980s and mid-nineties (see 9/11 Commission Report).The FBI was then forced to take on kids gloves when treating suspected terrorists. Al-Qaeda on the other hand perceived these new developments as weaknesses they can exploit. Aside from ineffective laws the US Intelligence community has to deal with a host of other problems that includes 1) the improper analysis of information and intelligence 2) the lack of coordination between government agencies and 3) the absence of system where law enforcement agencies as well as counter-terror groups can share inform ation.Human Intelligence But the intimately significant intelligence source with regards to the topic is HUMINT or human intelligence. And the reason is easy to understand there are a lot of problematic factors related to this type of intelligence. First of all most information gathered through this method can be considered as secondary. There must be a way of processing young data in order to determine its accuracy.In this regard there is now a move to develop technical and human resources that will be able to fully analyze humint as expounded in the following statements The very nature of the transnational threat demands that we have analysts with language capabilities and are knowledge to understand local situations in relationship to global, transnational, and international trends and impacts. Analysts have a professional network that transcends territorial borders, and they need to be at ease turning to local as well as global information (Sands, 2005, p. 75).

Robbery: Flight Attendant and Officer

Robbery Tanisha Barkley, Desiree Brickles, LaTosha C altogether, Kimberly Clark, Robin Crumble, Tammara Dimond and Keith Dostie Everest Univer perplexy inception to wonders and Interrogations Professor David Farrow March 16, 2013 Robbery Crime Scenario There was a diamond armed robbery at Brussels Airport involving two suspects, unmatch adequate to(p) anthropoid and one feminine. The female had the diamonds hidden on her purse, when she passed through earnest. The male suspect was actu aloney one of the fly lamps. The female took the career attendant warranter until the canvas was on the ground in Detroit, Michigan.The female and the male were able to get remove of the scan. The two suspects were caught after they got off of the plane and severe to get out of the airport. The two suspects were the last ones to get off the plane and they did non realize that whatever of the passengers on board tangencyed the patrol via mobile phone phones. Interview Preparation T he suspects were identified based on the study that was ef summitery from the passengers and crew on the airplane. Since the female suspect, Alexis Johnson, took the pip attendant, Lisa Williams, hostage she could and then place the suspect in detail.Since the suspects were caught after they got off the plane and in the lead they left(p) the airport. The incumbents can trim up oppugns at the airport to help capture all necessary breeding. In these querys they volition ask the witnesses what happened and for identification of the suspects. in front questioning the suspects, the officeholders should try to obtain their okayground teaching (Gosselin, 2007). During these interviews in that respect should be early(a) incumbents that are looking at the diorama to ensure that they collect all evidence and information from the plane where all this happened at (Gosselin, 2007).Interviews For the interview accomplish of the witnesses, a structural interviewing will be used. Structural interviewing approach builds on the traditional interview by adding the interest components rapport building, narrative description, and an productive interviewee response opportunity (Gosselin 2007, pg. 71). Witness The interview for the witness, Ms. minister of religion is first set up the day after, so she is able to gather her thoughts as hygienic as get over the shock she experienced. While interviewing Ms. subgenus Pastor, she seemed much relaxed as if she only needed sleep.The interview session was set up in a comfortable space, with comfy chairs 4-6 feet away(predicate) from each opposite with a table in the center of them. The board was painted a aristocratical color to relax the interviewee. The first thing the police incumbent does is ensure that she had not been injured and she is stable comely to be questioned. afterward ensuring her condition, the officer ceremonious a rapport by utilise a first have basis. Next, the officer asked Ms . Pastor if the interview could be videotaped or voice recorded. Ms. Pastor distinct it would be best to go with voice recording.At this time, the officer feels that Ms. Pastor is comfortable enough to start the interview. The officer begins to ask Ms. Pastor a series of questions beginning with personal information and Ms. Pastor seemed comfortable answering them. Next, the officer asks Ms. Pastor active what happened onboard the aircraft. Ms. Pastor stated I boarded that plane fine, everything was normal, I put my things above me, and sat in my seat, that flight attendants, came and asked if me and others if we treasured anything to drink or eat before takeoff.The flight attendants performed the safety procedures before the plane took off, and told us to fasten our seat belts as the plane was about(predicate) to depart. As soon as we took off, a lady came out from the tooshie area, circulateing us to be seated and dont move or else we will get hurt. I stayed seated and kept my mouth shut, sitting there observing everything she was doing. I was amazed, a women was pulling this off. She and another man were talk up ahead where the pilots are when flying, about something in a purse. later the plane landed they left, I guess they got what they were looking for.The man came from the front of the first class area. They met up in the center then started looking for what they came for. They tried not to talk too much but the daughter was a dumb, and I guess wanted to hurry up and fall out it. She got the man mad and thats when I heard them say something about find it in the bag. After the interview with the witness was completed, the officer thanked her for the information she provided as well as her time. The officer also gave Ms. Pastor her contact information. The officer also informed Ms. Pastor that if she can remember anything else that she feels would be beneficial, to please call.Victim For the interview of the victim, Lisa Williams, the officer conducted a traditional interview. The traditional interview because she is upset and the officer wants to get the immediate facts as fast as possible (Gosselin, 2007). Lisa Williams was the flight attendant who was taken hostage by the female suspect, Alexis Johnson. The interview room was set up in the security area, a quiet part of the airport with no disturbances, with the chairs facing each other approximately four feet apart the officer does not sit among the door and Ms.Williams because of the assumption of her not thinking she could leave (Psychological Principles Interview and Interrogation, 2009). The interview began with asking Ms. Williams for permission to videotape her statement, in which she agreed. In assign of battle to contribute rapport, the officer and Ms. Williams agreed to address one another by using first have-to doe withs. The officer first began the questions regarding personal information, in battle array to musical accompaniment her at ease. Next, the officer began to ask questions regarding what happened on the aircraft.Lisa stated I wasnt expecting anyone to be behind me. It was right after takeoff she grabbed me by the back and pulled the back of the flight attendant break area. She said she had a gun. She blindfolded me and articled my hands. To cooperate I would get hurt but if anything went wrong or anything interfered with the plane landing she wouldnt hesitate to kill me. After the interview with the victim was completed, the officer thanked her for her time and answering questions. The officer also gave Ms. Williams her contact information.The officer informed Ms. Williams that if she can remember anything that would be beneficial to the case, to please call. The officer walked Ms. Williams to meet with her family. Interrogation There were a few techniques during the interrogation of the pilot, Francis Drebin. The officer started with a subjective interview technique in order to dedicate rapport and to get him c omfortable. The officer wanted him to think that he was in the clear and that they were friends in order to get him to open up and make do information.The officer began to ask open-ended questions that allowed him to discuss his typical flight and some of the operations that happened on a regular basis. Upon sharing the names of the flight attendants, his demeanor changed and he began to display signs of anxiousness. From here, the officers co-investigator switched to the Reid technique for interrogation. This is a nine step technique to obtain a confession to a crime. Mr. Drebin was confronted about the facts of the case and a theme was developed on the events of the mishap (Layton, 2013). He was read his Miranda Rights and officially arrested for his role in the crime.Male Suspect From the information already provided by the witnesses and victim, the pilot of the aircraft was commonly identified by some(prenominal) parties. In light of the details of the incident, the officer uses the structural interviewing technique with the pilot of the plane. This way, he can discuss the narrative of the events of the incident (Gosselin, 2007). Because of the nature of the incident, the interview of the pilot was conducted in the security office of the current terminal of the airport. This room was chosen because of the privacy and the comfort feel of the room. Mr.Drebin was asked if the interview could be videotaped, in which he agreed as well as including another officer in the room. The chairs were at an angle located about five feet apart from one another. Both parties agreed to use first names mend conducting the interview. The officer began the questioning with asking personal information in order to stay fresh the suspect at ease. Next, the officer asked Mr. Drebin about his flight. Mr. Drebin stated It started as business as usual. We were ahead of schedule. When I fly the plane, I am isolated from everyone else and only communicate with the tower.I cant r eally tell what is going on in the cabin unless I am notified by an attendant about a situation through the two-way intercom. I didnt communicate with the flight attendants or the cabin until we hit flight altitude, where I told them the length of the flight. Next, the officer asked Mr. Drebin what he meant by the communication with Ms. Johnson. After approximately thirty seconds, Mr. Drebin stated I am sure that I was just giving the crew some flight plans and times for service. The officer observed his body language because he was becoming agitated with the questions.His non-verbals made it tripping to see this. Then he seemed to be nervous and to fidget. Mr. Drebin was informed that he was a suspect in the robbery heist and was placed under arrest. The officer read Mr. Drebin his Miranda Rights. When the officer began to question Mr. Drebin, he decided to lawyer up. Female Suspect At the shot of the robbery a female suspect was captured. She was then asked what her name was s he refused to speak. The arresting officer then proceeded to read the woman her Miranda rights and placed her in the police cruiser.Once we arrived at the police station the female was then place in a small room for questioning. When the officer entered the room to begin questioning, she established a rapport with the female. Both parties sat at opposite ends of the table. The officer asked her what her name was and she refused to answer. The female was suspect was informed was caught by another officer and the jewels were assemble in her purse at the time of arrest, there is more than enough evidence to put her away and that she is going to get one more chance to tell your side of the story.She still refused to speak. The officer proceeded to inform her that the male suspect in custody and he is already placing blame away from him if she doesnt want to take all the heat, she needs to start talking. She then proceeded to say that she was part of the robbery. The cognitive technique was used in order to gain rapport and start with easy questions to help get and keep her relaxed. However as the questions seemed to become harder, she was not happy and would not slip by with the questions (Heuback, 2010).The female suspect was asked her name, in which she replied Alexis Johnson. Ms. Johnson was then asked personal questions in order to get her at ease. Ms. Johnson was reminded of her Miranda rights and she informed the officer they were already read and unsounded them. When asked why she robbed the plane, Ms. Johnson stated I felt that I could use the particular money and buy everything that I have ever wanted. Ms. Johnson then decided that she wanted a lawyer present. Summation In this crime scene we found out how two individuals worked together to steal some diamonds off an airplane.These two people were very intelligent, and they did manage to get the diamonds off the airplane. However, the suspects were not able to make it out of the airport before they g ot caught. The police met them at the door. Both suspects were found guilty of their crimes and arrested. Bibliography The officers can set up interviews at the airport to help obtain all necessary information. In these interviews they will ask the witnesses what happened and for identification of the suspects. Before interviewing the suspects the officers should try to obtain their background information (Gosselin, 2007).During these interviews there should be other officers that are looking at the scene to ensure that they collect all evidence and information from the plane where all this happened at (Gosselin, 2007). For the interview process of the witnesses, a structural interviewing will be used. Structural interviewing approach builds on the traditional interview by adding the following components rapport building, narrative description, and an ample interviewee response opportunity (Gosselin 2007, pg. 71). The traditional interview because she is upset and the officer wants to get the immediate facts as fast as possible (Gosselin, 2007).The interview room was set up in the security area, a quiet part of the airport with no disturbances, with the chairs facing each other approximately four feet apart the officer does not sit between the door and Ms. Williams because of the assumption of her not thinking she could leave (Psychological Principles Interview and Interrogation, 2009). Drebin was confronted about the facts of the case and a theme was developed on the events of the incident (Layton, 2013). In light of the details of the incident, the officer uses the structural interviewing technique with the pilot of the plane.This way, he can discuss the narrative of the events of the incident (Gosselin, 2007). The cognitive technique was used in order to gain rapport and start with easy questions to help get and keep her relaxed. However as the questions seemed to become harder, she was not happy and would not continue with the questions (Heuback, 2010). Re ferences Gosselin, D. (2007). Smart Talk Contemporary Interviewing and Interrogation. swiftness Saddle River Person Prentice Hall. Heuback, J. (2010). Suspect Interrogation Communication Strategies and mainstay Personality.Retrieved from ACTR Advances in Communication Theory and Research http//www. k-state. edu/actr/2010/12/20/suspect-interrogation-communication-strategies-and-key-personality-constructs-jessica-heuback/default. htm Layton, J. (2013). How police interrogation works The Reid Technique. http//people. howstuffworks. com/police-interrogation. htm Psychological Principles Interview and Interrogation, (2009). Interview and Interrogation Rooms. http//www. social_engineer. org/ cloth/Psychological_Principles_Interview_and_Interrogation

Maria Full of Grace

Mara lv arz, a 17-year-old Colombian missy (played by Catalina Sandino Moreno), works in sweat shop-like conditions at a top plantation to help support her family. However, after mothering herself pregnant by her boyfriend, whom she does not love, and being unjustly treated by her boss, she quits and decides to find another job, despite her familys disapproval. On her way to Bogot to find a new job, she gets offered a position as a mule one who smuggles drugs by swallowing drug-filled pellets.Desperate, she accepts the risky offer and swallows 62 wrapped pellets of cocaine and flies to spic-and-span York City. After a close call at the US tradition (she was about to be X-rayed, until customs found out she was pregnant), she is set turn and sent to a hotel where she is to remove the pellets from her body. The traffickers arrive to take the drugs. To retrieve the pellets from Lucy, a fellow mule who had died when one of the pellets ruptured inside her, the traffickers had cut o pen her stomach, wherefore disposed of her body.After seeing this ruthless world firsthand, maria decides to escape the drug-trafficking cartel. Her novel becomes one of determination and survival like that of many other immigrants in the United States, although she knows nothing about the country and had originally planned to go back to Colombia. The economic hardships of Colombia and the working environment for illegals in the US are both accurately represented. Eventually realizing that her choices affect other people, she emerges with the grace that willing carry her forward into a new life. In the end Maria lives her life in the United States.

Beautiful Mind Reflection Paper

Delusions be fixed nonsensical ideas that are not base in reality an example was when basin saw his antique cogent him to kill his wife and the wife had to quickly ran out of the ho pulmonary tuberculosis. Illusions are false perceptions of real stimulus, he actually was misrepresenting things he en for sures around that they are counterproductive to him so he is alship canal ready to attack. Hallucinations are false centripetal inputs with no external stimulus, it may take the form of smells, sounds, tastes, sight, touch, or feelings of alter internal workings of the body.Assessment Pertinent questions to intercommunicate the patient having hallucinations are as follows ask the patient if he sees things when other people are not present, ask how many different voices does the patient hear, what do the voices ask the patient to do, ask if the patient recognize any of the voices, what the voices ask him to do and how does he/ she feel active the voices. joke Nashs othe r schizoid behaviors in graduate school makes him to see things differently from others, he was not associating himself thus he couldnt make any friends, an example was during a party were everyone were boozinging and chatting he was only capable to see the crying(a) glasses with the rays of light on it, likewise at a obstruction he said something annoying to a lady that was looking for a date or probably someone to buy her a drink and the girl was angry, gave him a slap and walked by out of the bar.His schizophrenia yarn-dye his self talk be mother he was always talking to himself because he was see a friend he thought was real and interacting with. John basically could not take negociate of his body, he is lacking self care deficit-bathing and I think John is having a disorganise subtype of schizophrenia because of his disorganized thinking, speech, and behavior also he is socially inept and unable to achieve activities of daily living. Nursing diagnosesRisk for self dir ected violence colligate to reality distortion as evidenced in the patient impetuous behaviors that could terminus in self harm and harm to others. Social isolation related to maladaptive social behavior as evidenced in the patient repetitive meaningless behaviors or behavior unacceptable to large others. Goal Goals pertinent for John is to be able to discipline ways to be more involved with others in an appropriate way and to develop a more satisfying relationship. Nursing discoursesWhen John was taken away he strike the psychiatrist because he did not want to be sent for treatment and he was been angry as a expiration of his disordered thinking and loosely organized hallucinations. This type of schizophrenic symptoms is chanceful because he might be hearing voices that tells him to harm others or however himself. Some of the medical treatments for psychiatric illnesses that existed in the 1940s and 1950s are psychoanalysis, insulin therapy, electroconvulsive (shock) ther apy, and water/ ice therapy.John received the insulin therapy magic spell he was hospitalized. after discharge from the hospital, John is taking Thorazine and the reasons he had for cheeking his pills and stock bung them in the drawer was because whenever he takes his pills he wont be able to respond to his wife or function effectively as a man of the house. It is important to assess the clients emit after taking his medication so as to be sure the client actually swallowed the pills and not hide them in his cheeks.Supporting important others Alicia did not have any support system or helper in caring for her husband when he returned from the hospital. Planning The nursing diagnosing that would describe Alicia as she care for a new baby and a mentally ill husband is Care giver role strain. The intervention that could be implemented to help Alicia and John is to encourage Alicia to identify on tap(predicate) family and friends who can assist with caregiving.The short term discha rge goal for John is that he would take his medication at the required time of the twenty-four hours everyday John will be able to relate with his wife and significant others appropriately. Implementation The advantage that modern drugs like Olanzapine have oer the older drugs like chlorpromazine(Thorazine) is that Thorazine are low potency antipsychotics while Olanzapine exhibits strong adrenergic and anticholinergic blocking action effective for self-assertive behaviors in schizophrenia and psychotic disorders.An increase in temperature is a cause for concern because it can make the client taking antipsychotics physical shape to decline rapidly and this adverse reaction is called Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS), also respiratory or urinary tract side effect would be worrisome because these are signs of autonomic nervous system dysfunction. It is important to do an AIMS assessment for persons taking an antipsychotic so as to be able to determine if the person is having a t ardive dyskinesia symptoms as a result of the medications. AIMS stands for Abnormal involuntary movement scale. EvaluationsIn the last scene, as John is walking up to get his noble prize the extrapyramidal side effects he does have from a long term antipsychotic use is tardive dyskinesia and a prophylactic antiparkinson drugs may be prescribed to beleaguer the adverse effects from antipsychotics such as haloperidol (haldol). Modern antipsychotics are less likely to cause these symptoms because blocks neurotransmission produced by dopamine ay synapse. Reflection I was really surprised to get to know towards the end of the movie that Charles was imagined and I didnt actually know what to believe was real an unreal about Johns life.John actually learn to ignore the imagined Charles and his boss at the DOD (big brother). Infact it is really pathetic to know that a mentally ill person see things that doesnt even exist and that attributes a lot to the abnormal behaviors they exhibit when they are with people. I think a mentally ill person wouldnt believe those things are upright imagination and that might make them very aggressive when it seems people applyt understand them or see things and hear voices they do hear.

Learning Activity for Western Civilization Essay

western society was broken up in estates. These estates were the Church, the Nobility and Peasantry. Imagine present-day(a) western society has now been divided into three estates. I would severalize that it will be broken up as follows the Political class, the pissed class and the Working class. Although we lived in the homogeneous country we were broken charge into estates. The Political class, were considered the law makers. This included the President of the United States, Judges, lawyers and anyone dealing with politics.They were mass men and dressed in the finest custom made suits around. Politicians only associated themselves with early(a) politicians and the pissed class. This was because the wealthy often funded the Politicians. The wealthy class, were individuals who were either born wealthy or became wealthy and was able to maintain the lifestyle. If you were a person of wealth, you would be known by your appearance. A person of this class dressed in the most exp ensive garments made by famous designers.They lived in overflowing homes located in the best neighborhoods in town. They also drove the finest cars. Their children lived the same lifestyle as their parents. Then we have the utilizationing class. These individuals made life easier for the Political and Wealthy class. The reason was because they were expected to work for money. This meant that the jobs or work that the upper classmen did not want to do, the on the job(p) class did. They lived in an wholly different part of the neighborhood or town.When you see the average working class person, they dressed in lower end clothing, such as someone who shops at the Goodwill or thrift store. This was because they were underpaid for the work they performed. So could only afford the inexpensive items included the vehicles. These were people who were proud in whom they were and did not care to fit in with other estates. This is how I swear contemporary western society would be broken int o if we were still in medieval society.

Prison Gangs Essay

fall in States of America, what a beautiful place to live where heavy(p) opportunities lie ahead of you and the American hallucination is right around the corner. Although United States of America is integrity of the near valued countries in the world with well-situated economy and intelligence, we face problems of our own such as homicides, terrorism, immigration, politics and etcetera One of the biggest problems that we face today is prison house house factions.It is in truth important to shaft and to learn some prison clumps because prison face packs will gain a stronger hold in communities if communities do not structure intervention to complicate more than law enforcement suppression. If that happens, avenue gangs may fix better unified and drug gangs may become more powerful forces in the society (Fleisher & Decker, 2001). The purpose of this research paper is to knowledge the reader about the importance of prison gangs, overview of their organic law &a mp activities and finally contributes solutions to rising problem.We a lot question ourselves, what is a prison gang? And how do they differ from the street gangs? Lyman (1989) defines that, prison gang is an organization which operates within the prison arrangement as a self-perpetuating criminally oriented entity, consisting of a select conclave of inmates who claim established an make chain of commands and are governed by an established jurisprudence of conduct. Street level gangs honor and respect highly of the prison gang members and wishes to become a member of a prison gang one day. Prison gangs influences and carries a great power over the street level gangs.Prison gangs are withal known as the painful of the bad to the street level gang members. The almighty, organized and master copy prison gangs restrain over the street gangs and on our society today and it is becoming a devastating problem. It has been estimated that, there are two million men and women share prison terms in America (Fleisher & Decker, 2001). That is more than fourscore percent of the population in city of Los Angeles. Criminologists argue that the criminals often do not have the power to control the destructive forces in their environment, which created their disabilities.Which defines that many another(prenominal) criminals are victims of family abuse and neglect, school disciplinary practices that expelled them before they had sufficient education to pursue a career, and impoverished neighborhoods well outside the opportunity networks in the dominant corporation (Fleisher & Decker, 2001). It is depressing to admit the fact that the community and their families may have created these law breakers, but however, few members of the prisoners became high assay organizations in our society and has become one of the biggest problems today.Although the researchers have stated that it was very difficult to obtain the data on the number of prison gangs and culture a bout the prison gang, through unconquerable and careful observation, a core-important selective information of the biggest prison gangs were able to be gathered. The prison inmates form groups and organizations based on their need for identity, belongings, personal interests and race. Fleisher and Decker (2001) stated that the first known American prison gang was the Gypsy Jokers formed in the 1950s in cap state prisons and the first prison gang with landwide ties was the Mexican maffia in 1957.The Mexican Mafia prison gang started at the Deuel vocational Center in Tracy, California and it was Californias first prison gang. The Mexican Mafia also known as the La Eme, was in the beginning found by 13 inmates who were active Latino street gang members previously from different neighborhoods in the Los Angeles Area. The Mexican Mafia was born in order to protect themselves from other gang members, hostile inmates and prison staffs (Valdez, 2009).The Mexican Mafia gang eventually g rew to be one of the biggest prison gang organization and focuses on criminal activities including drug trafficking and wars with other prison gangs. In order to become a member of the Mexican Mafia prison gang, one must have a sponsoring member and undergo a blood oath to prove his loyalty to the gang. The members of the Mexican Mafia oft had tattoos on their right hands with the word Eme, and an eagle holding a snake in its mouth, symbolizing their organization. The Aryan Brotherhood of the Texas was the white supremacist group in California.These prison gang members opposed racial threat of African Americans and Hispanic inmates and countered the organization and activities of the gruesome and Hispanic gangs. The Aryan Brotherhood simply neglected Black and Hispanic inmates, entrustd the power to rule the prison system and was involved in drug trafficking. In order to critical point the Aryan Brotherhood, one must commit making ones bones, requiring taking a life of someone. The Aryan Brotherhood followed one undecomposable rule, Blood in, blood out, defining that the only non-violent out of the organization is by natural death.The Aryan Brotherhood gang members often had tattoos of a cloverleaf, swastika, lightning bolts and/or the letters AB on their bodies. The Black Guerilla Family became one of the most politically charged revolutionary gangs in history. The Black Guerilla Family is an organized prison gang established by George Lester Jackson, a leader of Black Panther who united with the Black Liberation ground forces (BLA), Symbionese Liberation Army (SLA), and the Weatherman Underground Organization to create a powerful organization of the history.The Black Guerilla were feared by many of the prison guards due to their hellish presence and continued to remain in control until today. Tattoos such as the prison containtower surrounded by a dragon with a one-quarter moon depicted in its body, and silhouette of a rifle with a sword lying over it to form an X, symbolized The Black Guerilla Family. The famous, almighty and traditional Los Angeles street gangs, also known as the Crips and Bloods are also found in prison systems today.Valdez (2009) examines that the two gangs, Crips and Bloods may war with each(prenominal) other while on the street, but however, there seems to be a truce and alliance between these groups inside the prison system and the presumptive reason for that is for their protection from the existing prison gangs. As these members in prison joined together, they insured protection and guide amongst themselves. In West coast prisons, the Crips formed the consolidated Crip organization and the Bloods found the United Blood nation (Valdez, 2009).As most of criminologists already know that the prison gangs dominate the drug business and drug trafficking, many researchers have argued that the most prison madness are due to the prison gangs. Motivated by a desire to make money and be at the top of an ins titutions inmate power structure, prison gangs exploit the inherent weakness resulting from overcrowded, understaffed mega-prisons such as correctional staffers inability to watch these activities of the inmates every moment of each day, every moment of each hours to month after month (Fleisher & Decker, 2001).Although I have not mentioned many other prison gangs and organizations, prison gangs continue to increase in add up and it is continuing to become a big problem in our society. later all, prisons are institutions supported by millions of taxes in order to rehabilitate these criminals into a better person and keep them out of trouble, but unfortunately, prison system is where many street gang members learn the secrets of becoming highly professional criminals.Fleisher and Decker (2001) states that collaboration between correctional agencies and university researchers is a key to creating strong solutions to the difficult, persistent problem posed by prison gangs. Further researches and studies in this subject matter are required and solution to the problem must be operationalized flat to prevent prison gangs from gaining stronger hold in communities, become better structured, and become much more powerful forces in the community. As we all dream and hope to increase the quality of our lives, dangerous issues and problems must be resolved in order to fully achieve peace in our communities.

“Natural Disaster Hotspots: A global risk Analysis”

Researchers from Columbia University, the manhood fix, the Norwegian Geotechnical bestow and other partners produced a report entitled Natural tragedy Hotspots A Global assay Analysis which presented a global view of areas passing inclined(predicate) to natural disasters and risks associated with such natural hazards. The aim of this report is to state and design developmental efforts to degrade disaster related losses in the future by identifying high-risk geographic regions in the world.This report analyses the characteristics and position of risky hotspots for six major natural disasters like drought, floods, cyclones, earthquakes, volcanoes and landslides. According to report, much than half the worlds population i.e. about 3.4 billion mickle live in at least one hazard prone area, which could effect their lives miserably. These natural hazards cause innumerable deaths, sufferings and losses to the amount of billion of dollars every year throughout the world.The worst affected are the ontogenesis countries, which cannot absorb the huge cost associated with disaster relief, recovery, rehabilitation and reconstruction collectible to repeated disasters and thus gets caught in a poverty trap. World Bank provided emergency assistance to the amount US$ 14.4 billion to 20 countries from 1980-2003 as claimed in this report which has serious implications on the method of working of the World Bank. This startling statistics recommend the International development community to adopt the proactive and preventive approach to address the disasters before actually they hit to centralise the vulnerability of developing countries to natural hazards.This allow as well as help in their mission of fighting poverty. Keeping in view the same objective, it also recommends that managing disaster risk should not be taken only as a humanitarian issue but also be an intact part of development planning of any nation. Information on Multi-hazard Risk management strategi es, encouraging their implementation, promoting development of long-term plans and improving exchange of learning at local, national, regional and global levels among organizations and individuals is supplied in this report.This report also summarizes the grapheme studies, which this project undertook to exhibit methods to reduce vulnerability of the areas by adopting appropriate risk-sensitive strategies. In short, this report explicitly and scientifically explains the ways to manage natural hazards to reduce Poverty and vulnerability.In the words of Jeffrey Sachs, Director, The Earth Institute, Columbia University, The Natural Disaster Hotspots report is a path-breaking effort and a wonderful scientific accomplishment. Im sure that it pull up stakes prove to be a crucial tool and will stimulate further research in the area. Applying risk analysis to disasters such as earthquakes, drought, and other natural hazards using rigorous science will have huge benefits for policy-maker s and for the world. (Provention Consortium) Now, the need is to coordinate the efforts globally to focus on the areas at the highest risk of natural disaster and reduce their risks, which still stay uncoordinated.WORKS CITED1. Earth Institute News (March 29, 2005) Risk Analysis Reports everywhere Half of WorldsPopulation Exposed to One or More Major Natural Hazards Retrieved on June 21, 2007from W.W.W http//www.earthinstitute.columbia.edu/news/2005/story03-29-05.html2.Provention Consortium Activities naming and Analysis of Global Disaster RiskHotspots Retrieved on June 21, 2007 from W.W.Whttp//www.proventionconsortium.org/?pageid=32projectid=15

The Crave for Companionship in of Mice and Men

A guy goes nut if he aint got nobody. None of the characters in Of Mice and Men experience straightforward companionship. Discuss. The desire for companionship is a key theme present through erupt bath Steinbecks novella, Of Mice and Men. The great depression is no help when trying to call back or keep friendships alive in the rural, country areas of America. George and Lennie depict what true companionship is all about when sticking to get downher through recondite and thin.Being the only black man living on the ranch, Crooks finds it hard to consult with others, finding himself separated from the other men. The relationship between Curley and his married woman is precisely just an unstable marriage that lacks true meaning and love. Desire in many forms is found throughout the novella but companionship is the main(prenominal) one as everyone can be lonely at times. George and Lennies companionship contrasts the loneliness that surrounds them on the ranch. Somehow the two m en co-occurrence each other despise the lack of compatibility between them.Lennie would call George a friend, but George would find difficulty to call him one back. aint many guys travel around together (Slim scallywag 36) this is what Slim tells George when he finds out that he and Lennie travel together. The companions are in search of the American dream which is to own their own piece of land, wed give focussing our own line where we belonged and non sleep in no bunk house (George page 63) this would put George in control of finally keeping them out of trouble, curiously Lennie.George is motivated to stay with Lennie because of his own guilt and the fact that he doesnt hope to end up like everyone else on the ranch, alone. George knows that life without Lennie would be so much easier on himself and sometimes he wants the independence of not gain to keep his eye on a grown man who has the hear of a child. Unfortunately their great friendship had to end with George killin g Lennie. Although it may have seemed to be George protecting himself it was largely to protect Lennie as Curley could have killed him in a more brutal manor.Crooks, the negro Stable displume (page 66) seems to be the major outcast living on the ranch in Of Mice and Men. He lives in his own room, separated from the bunk house in a little shed that leaned make the wall of the barn (page 66). Crooks was a proud, and aloof man (page 67), bitter and hostile yet very born(predicate) and wise mainly because of the isolations he faces and his skin colour. When Crooks is faced with the solid conformation of Lennie standing in his door itinerary he attempts to lash out at him yelling you got no ight to come in my room (pages 67-68) displaying a large deficiency of communication and trying to indicate to Lennie to leave him alone. As Lennie is misguided by the messages Crooks is trying to send him he enters giving off no bad intentions so the black man lets his guard down. As the conver sation carries on Crooks finds Lennie just sees him as another man work at the ranch. Curleys wifes want for friendship has altered her demeanour towards men on the ranch tremendously, making her overtly insecure and excessively flirtatious.The men on the ranch avoid her because of flirtatious personality to keep out of trouble. No one understands her situation and how loneliness affects her. Her insecurity is evident by the way she dresses and utilizes her make-up. She uses her appearance to receive attention like when Curleys Wife was standing there aspect in. She had full, rouged lips and wide-spaced eyes, heavily made up. (Steinbeck 32). Curleys Wife feels she must dress this way for people to acknowledge her and give her attention.Her dressing-up is entirely unnecessary because they live on a farm and this is not the typical clothing. Curley does not give his wife enough companionship, love and affection that she desires. This makes her seek it from other people whining to Le nnie in the barn Why cant I talk to you? I never get to talk to nobody. I get awful lonely (page 85). By not talking to anyone and constantly worrying about what Curley will do, she has attained a slyness that does not appeal to anyone on the ranch.Acting in flirtatious shipway is the only way Curleys Wife thinks she can deal with her aspirations for a friend. either human needs a companion, a friend or supporter to share his or her thoughts and feelings with, thats what makes us all human. Unfortunately some of us are unable to have this desire that we all dream for, and curiously during the depression friends were very scarce. Of Mice and Men shows the ups and downs of friendship, the good times as rise as the bad and the limits a friend will go to, to barely their friend from anguish.

Chemistry in Our Dailylife Essay

Our entire universe is made up of matter which is constantly changing forms and evolving into other forms of energy. Chemistry is defined as the charter or science of this ever changing matter. The other sciences which we study commonly like biology, physics and mathematics are all strung- surface on interpersonal chemistry and are known as specific studies infra the elaborate subject of chemistry. Since there is chemistry seen in biological forms as well as physical states of nature, there are subjects called biochemistry and physical chemistry which help study these changes.There are umteen chemical changes which excrete around us eitherday but we are never aware(p) of them. But this is a extensive mode of teaching children how magical the human race of chemistry is With these real examples you apprize teach them by taking a chemistry in everyday brio-time quiz, as practical studies are always fun to learn. To make this job easier for you, mentioned below are a few s uch examples of chemistry in everyday support, take a look Examples There are chemical reactions in occasional life like, in the way you breathe, the food you eat, the water you drink and in every motion which is taking place around you at every assist of the day.It is a very important and interesting purpose which could be taught to your children as they seduce to know, how their world works. The best way to explain this to them is to show them a good deal how and why are a few things in nature the way they are You can do this by demonstrating a few kids chemistry experiments for them. An essay on this topic can be a great start to teach these kids, what a wonderful thing, chemistry is. Find out what these intelligent mechanisms of nature are, that define presence of chemistry in daily life, read on.Water, which occupies 70% of the earths surface is made by two chemical elements, hydrogen and oxygen. Soap is an emulsifier which allows oil and water to smorgasbord and so the oily mixtures on body and clothes can be removed after application of soap and water. Chemistry in kids life can also include why vegetables are colored. Colored vegetables make up of chemical compounds called carotenoids which have an area known as the chromophore. It absorbs certain wavelengths of fall down and and then there are colored vegetables.Food is cooked because of the steam thats familiarise either in the water added or that which is present indoors the food items. Onions make you cry due to the presence of sulfur in the cells which break after the onions are cut. This sulfur gets mixed with moisture and thus irritates your eyes. You feel hungry because of the satiety center in your brain fall short of resolveicular hormones to function and then sends the signal of hunger. You fall in love, get attracted and have a feeling of belonging because of certain monoamines present in your brain which get stimulated through nerve sensors.If you have wondered, why is the s ky blue, it is due to a phenomenon called the Rayleigh divide, which depends on scattering of erupt through particles which are much smaller than the wavelength. Hence when light passes through gases, there is scattering and the sky appears blue. Coffee keeps you awake because of the presence of a chemical called adenosine, in your brain. It binds to certain receptors and slows the nerve cell action when sleep is signaled. Anaerobic fermentation is also a great concept which is present in the chemistry of everyday life.It is present in yogurt, breads, cakes and many other baking products. It is the multiplication of certain useful bacteria which development the size of the food and make it more filling and soft. The food fibril present in every ecosystem is also a major part of everyday life chemistry. Even though it has more biological background, it finally works because of its chemistry. With these great examples, there is no other explanation of the macrocosm of earth and its components other than chemistry. Thus, through so much to learn from, you can easily teach your children the importance of chemistry in our day-to-day life

Nature and Function of Literary Criticism Essay

The word reprehension is derived from the Greek word meaning judgment. Hence, criticism was known to be the exercise of judgment on prevails of literature, or it can be said that criticism is the play of headspring to observe the merits and defects on the work of literature. A critic , therefore, is a somebody who expresses judgment on whole works of literature or poetry or the art of an artist or a painter. The critic is also defined as a person who is possessed of the knowledge necessary to enable him to pronounce right judgments upon the merits or worth of such works as come within its province.However, the inquire that is always asked, does the critic has the right to judge or not ? Indeed, no one has the right to judge the state because of two reasons. Firstly, to judge the people is something subjective in other words, when a critic respect a literary work he is judge based on or influenced by his personal feelings, tastes, or opinions. Second, when a critic judge and evaluate a literary work , he eliminates the readers mind and deactivate his faculty of thinking and analysis.Its known that the target chemical group of the critics is the public reader, so what do they want from the reader and what is the ultimate accusing of criticism?. Actually, the modern consciousness of criticism is regarded as having two contrary functions which helps to achieve the main purposes of criticism.The Modern Understanding of CriticismCriticism is the handle of analysis and description and interpretation of literary works for the purpose of change magnitude understanding and raising appreciation.  This means that the critic should penetrate to the heart of the literary work to analyze and formulate its meaning , to disengage and describe its qualities of indicant and beauty , and to elucidate by direct examination the artistic and good principles which, whether the writer himself was conscious of them or not , have actually steer and controlled his lab ors, and then to pronounce a right evaluation of a literary work.Its worth to realize that criticism does not depend on a critics views or his opinions , but it depends on scientific basis which is Critical Theories. As a result, criticisms are completely various depending on the theory that the critic uses.Thus, the objective of literary criticism is to look into the artistic values, poetic beauty, or the features being regarded as inadequate exist in the works of literature in order to 1- parcel the reader to get along a give out understanding of nature and value of literature, and a better appreciation of the pleasure proper to literature, then to form an evaluation of his own. 2- Helping the writer to improve his skills and facilitate to achieve the merits while allowing him to overcome the flaws if any. At this stage, it would be appropriate to say that criticism is not just fault- finding , but helping the writer or poets or artists in achieving the morality in th eir works and leading the reader to a better understanding and appreciation. At this point , the saying of T.S Eilot is worth mentioning, The end of criticism is the miniature of works of art and to correction of taste.

Human Resources Planning for Hospitality and Tourism

Graduate School Trisakti Institute of touristry Final duty assignment (Problem Solving) Course Human Resources Planning for Hospitality and Tourism Lectrurer Prof. Syamsir Abduh, PhD Case consequence 1 Brunt Hotels, PLC, induces more than 60 hotels throughout the United Kingdom. They recently acquired a small hotel chain headquartered in France. Brunts chief executive trenchant that half of the new hotels in France would be retained and rebranded as crack up of the Brunt Hotels Group the early(a) half will be sold.This will give Brunts strategic objective of growing the organization slowly to make out sure that new ventures argon well supported and opened on time and on budget. Brunts hotels ar considered budget accommodations they atomic number 18 functional, exonerated and reasonably priced. Additional entropy about UK hotel standards is available at to the highest degree lymph glands stay for one to three nights and are a combination of commercial enterprise and leisure travellers. The hotels are typically situated in downtown locations that are easily accessible by mass transit.Relevant materials Hospitality and Tourism RelationshipTourists are attracted to these hotels in popular visitor destinations where the many an(prenominal) local attractions designate that they will non be spending much time in their hotel rooms. The organization has decided to use an ethnocentric approach and send somewhat of their existing UK-based managers to France to lead the changeover of the new hotels and then manage them subsequently they re-open. If this new overseas venture is successful, Brunt may decide to acquire other small hotel groups in other European countries. The organization would like to own 150 hotels in the coterminous five years. Their 10-year plan is to own three hundred hotels across Europe.This is an ambitious target, so it is important that the organization finds an effective code to operate successfully in other countries. Th e management team decides to make only one of the three proposed teaching programs, confident that it will be useful and informative for the new behaves. However, they would also like to provide impertinent support for the new expatriates to make their transition to a new republic as smooth as possible. They are aware of some of the go that can be offered to support employees on both a ain and professional level, only when do not have a all-embracing overview.Question The management team asks you to conduct meshwork-based research to find out what expatriate support services are available. Case Study 2 (see the look study 1 Brunt Hotels) The management team liked your recruitment advertisement, only when realized that they did not consider the salary for these new positions Since the organization has neer hired managers to work outside the UK before, they do not k without delay how to demoralize determining the compensation. They provide you with the following informat ion that they found on the Internet * Existing salary for managers is ? 0,000 (45,000 Euros) plus bonuses. * Surveys show that the add up salary for hotel managers in France is 60,000 Euros with no opportunity to earn bonuses. The directors want to have a agreeable approach as to how they compensate expatriates because they expect their overseas business to dramatize in the future. They also want existing employees to be enticed into working afield and want to have a good range of incentives. Question jut a compensation package for the hotel management position. Explain the rationale for your design.You may also include non-financial benefits. Case Study 3 This is a case of two competing hotels, cockcrow Hotel and Beachside Hotel that are both located in a medium surfaced, tourism based town in the Northeast U. S. The hotels are both competing for the same set of guests, as well as the same set of potential employees. They are both budget hotels, right next door to each oth er, with 60 guest rooms each and a view of the beach. The moving in during peak gentle for the aurora Hotel is 98%, simply during the winter months goes down to 65%.The Beachside Hotel has peak season occupancy of 90% and off peak occupancy of 50%. Joe is the General manager of dawning Hotel and has been in his watercourse position for 5 years. He has been with Sunrise Hotel for a total of 10 years. He worked his way up at Sunrise Hotel from front desk agent to front desk supervisor, and finally to Assistant General Manager before he became the General Manager. He does a good melody of screening potential employees for his front desk domain of a function of the hotel because he realizes the importance of that area of the hotel, especially in tourist areas.He also has incentives set up for splendid performance of the front desk agents and training and development programs designed to give everyone information that will help them do their job better. There is a brain of tea mwork at Sunrise Hotel and that helps everyone want to do a good job. His guest ecstasy ratings for his hotel are overall excellent. On a rating scurf of 110, his hotel averages a 9. The average length of tenure of his employees is 4 years, and his current front desk supervisor was promoted from within, along with his Assistant General Manager.Because of the small size of the hotel, Joe is actually concern with all of the hiring decisions and helps to give training programs himself, along with his leadership team. The employee turnover at the Sunrise Hotel is 25% overall and that is primarily when hourly employees graduate high school or college and leave the Sunrise Hotel for a career somewhere else. Brian is the General Manager of the Beachside Hotel and deals with a very distinguishable situation. Brian was brought in from another hotel in the same hotel group about 6 months ago.He was told by his boss that he needed to fix this hotel so that it would place having better cu stomer satisfaction ratings and more return guests. Despite the jolly high occupancy noted during peak seasons, the off peak season occupancy is only 50%. Also noted by his boss, the occupancy should be as good as the Sunrise Hotel. Brian has been with his hotel group now for 2 years and he came out of the accounting and finance section in his old hotel. He has a great understanding of the come in the lodging industry, but has not been involved with the piecekind alternative aspects of the job.The turnover of hourly employees at Beachside Hotel is 120% and that means that Brian is constantly trial the hotel short handed and with new employees. The Beachside Hotel has been doing the hiring through a human option practitioner in the hotel that was put in the position because she really could not handle serving guests at the front desk very well. Mary was promoted to human imaginations a year ago after she had one too many altercations with the guests at the front desk. The owne r of the hotel wanted to make sure that she would not make any of the other guests angry, so he promoted her to a human resources practitioner.Since that time, she has been busy trying to keep up with hiring and she has had no time for training employees. Because she is so busy, paychecks often come out to employees late, there are no policies written down for employees to use as a guide for performance, customers are treated badly by new and poorly trained employees, and the departments of the hotel do not communicate very effectively and therefore everyone blames everyone else when things go wrong. The average length of tenure of the front desk agents at the Beachside Hotel is 3 months and the customer satisfaction rating at the Beachside is a 6 out of a 10 possible rating.Most of the front desk agents that are hired come from other hotels in the area after they quit or are fired. Brian is not involved in the hiring for the hotel at all, and does not get involved with training and development. He spends most of his days looking at the financial reports for the hotel and analyzing average periodic rate, occupancy rates, and REVPAR. Brian knows that he has many problems to deal with and so he goes to the Sunrise Hotel to observe things over there for a while. He sees a apt crew and talks to Joe about how he is making that happen.Joe is happy to help, but wants Brian to go back and observe his employees first and come up with shipway that he specifically can help guide Brian. Questions 1. What could Brian learn from Joe in terms of the human capital aspects of running a hotel? 2. What human resource planning initiatives could be undertaken by either the Sunrise Hotel or Beachside Hotel in order to help with the overall performance of their respective organizations? Available from Monday, 3 December 2012, 0700 AM Due date Monday, 3 December 2012, 1230 PM

Personal and organizational values Essay

What ar mortalal and system of rulesal comforts? think ofs ar one of the most special achieve handsts as human beings. A person acts non just in service to personal needs, exclusively in akin manner out of a broader sense of what is important, purposeful and meaningful (Cynthia D. Scott, 1993). Values are the building blocks of organizational tillage. They represent an organizations basic guidelines roughly what is significant how business is conducted how people relate to one another its clients and customers relationships and its finis do strategies. Values affect either aspect of the organization, and take years, never-ending attention, and perseverance to change. Values serve to inspire and foster trueness, motivation, innovation and put around principles of conduct that are held inviolate.They reflect intentions and provide guidance for every action when there is a gap between intentions and reality. When actions do not comply with stated intentions, the ga p becomes a source of cynicism and loss of cartel and momentum toward change and innovation. Values are represented in ratiocination making processes, interpersonal interactions, leadership actions, reward structures, supervisory styles, and information and mesh clays. Each plays a eccentric in sustaining the structure of a place, and each serves as a lever of change. To stimulate an organization toward change, we must minimise or fill the gap between the stated prize and value actions (Rodney Napier, 1997).Conflict between personal and organizational values and goalsHow do organizational and personal goals differ? organizational goals are carefully and logic wholey determined. Frequently, this must be discussed with other people in order to define them exactly. An organizational goal is one that we understand and commit to intellectuality. A personal goal, on the other hand, is a private and often pu believe emotional commitment (Merrill E. Douglass, 1993). Value conflict s arise when people are working in a situation where there is a conflict between personal and organizational values. Under these conditions, employee may prevail to struggle with the conflict between what they unavoidableness to do and what they have to do (Diane F. Halpem, 2005).This can be a distracting capture as you face changes, contrasts and a few surprises, and have to make both(prenominal) sense of all this (Henry Tosi, 2000). For example, people whose personal values dictate that it is vituperate to lie may find themselves in a duty where hypocrisy becomes necessary for success. Successful job performance may require a bold lie, or perhaps just a shading of the truth. race who experience such a value conflict allow for lead the following kinds of comments This job is eroding my soul, or I cannot look at myself in the mirror anymore knowing what Im doing. I cant live with myself. I dont like this. If workers are experiencing this kind of mismatch in values on a chro nic basis, the burnout is plausibly to arise. However, a Machiavellian individual, who believes that the end justifies the means, will have a better fit with a job in which dissimulation is essential to success and will probably not experience value conflict and many other situations (Diane F. Halpem, 2005).Value-driven managementValue-driven philosophy is designed to school effective and value-driven leadership at every level in the organization. The close making and leadership styles of effective business leaders are value-driven men and women who take a shit value for their organizations that goes far beyond mere stockholder value. This is not to suggest that they should disregard profitability as an important corporate goal, tho it is instead to state that the financial bottom lineas a valueis integrated with other value drivers in their leadership behavior. Value drive Management and value driven leadership are interactional and synergistic.Value-driven organizations wi ll tend to develop value-driven leaders, and value driven leaders will create value all over time for their organization and their organizations are graceful more valuable and fulfilled, and continue to grow and thrive throughout their life generation. This understand is especially significant in todays growing lodge of heights employment, knowledgeable workers, and the concept of measuring and managing organizational knowledge as intangible financial assets.There are 8 value drivers that disturb organizational and individual decision making. These value drivers are to some full stop interrelated and overlapping, but in total, they encompass the universe of the organization, combining the home(a) and external variables it must confront throughout its existence  external pagan values, organizational cultural values, individual employee values, customer values, supplier values, third-party values, owner values and competitor values. When these value drivers are used syste matically and properly in the companys decision processes, and when their individual and collective impact is weighed and balanced, in organizational decision making, the firm will create value for itself over timeparticularly in the long run (Randolph A. Pohlman, 2000).Collegial vs. meritocratic structure of valueBetter fit between individuals and organizations values predicted high levels of satisfaction and commitment and lower turnover. Leadership organizations have a tough, but not, harsh, view of change. They focus on accountability for actions and give some idiom to the discussions of goals and means. Although these organizations are still basically compliance-oriented, their documents portray the change process less(prenominal) impersonally and more persuasively, seeking to encourage employees to comply with the requirements rather than plainly expecting it. In the meritocratic value structure, this appears to be a much great emphasis on motivating employees to play a co nstructive role in change.This emphasis involves explaining both the goals of change and the means for bringing it intimately. meritocratic structures can be characterized as trying to take exception or excite employees. Change, although difficult, is associated with achieving important goals, and the organization signals that peoples efforts and achievements are recognized and cherishd.This is characterized by themes of striving, effort, goals, achievement, motivation and recognition. Only collegial organizations view change in a positive way and emphasize employee participation. Collegial ones do not challenge their employees to achieve organizational goals instead, they emphasize the benefits change brings to internal and external stakeholders and see an enthusiastic, responsive orientation to change (Boris Kabanoff, 1995).Entrepreneurial vs. bureaucratic values (differences in loving origins, including gender and cognitive ability) Differences in social origins, such as ge nder and cognitive skills create different sets of belief concerning the qualities of a grave job. According to Miller and Swanson theory (1958), the theory identifies two major value systemsthe entrepreneurial and bureaucratic. These values are oftentimes merged, and thus form beliefs about the desirable attributes of jobs, by comparing expected returns against expected risks in the front of opportunities for future economic wellbeing.Some people may embrace any of the entrepreneurial or bureaucratic orientation is determined mainly by entrepreneurial skills and attitudes towards risk, which in turn can be affected by family background, tuition, gender, and cognitive skills. The adult achievements are favored by early family and schooling forces, and the very same personal qualities that give in to advantages for achievement, in any case creates expressions of option that favor entrepreneurial type over the bureaucratic job properties.cognitive ability and gender, being the m ost powerful sources of variation in job values, are followed by years of schooling. Parental education, occupational status, self-employment and income all accommodate towards entrepreneurial over bureaucratic job properties. Significant others influence, educational aspirations and years of schooling, aside from favoring entrepreneurial over bureaucratic values, create a very strong preference for esteem over all other job properties and is significantly related  in the value system geared towards  achievements (Halaby, 2003).Cultural values on problem solving, teams, gender, stress and morals National culture plays an important role and leads to differences in how problems are lick and in the quality of the solutions. Chinese employees are more likely to assure informing a coach about a problem until the manager sees the problem on his or her own. The employees are also likely to understate the seriousness of the problem. In western cultures, managers are more likel y to appreciate and give credit to an employee who draws attention to a problem, and therefore, problems are more apace identified and brought to the attention of management.  The result is that Western managers are more likely to speak directly about the problem. In collectivist cultures, decision making is more likely to rely on consensus while managers from individualist rely more on their own experience and training when making decisions. It is also  found that Australians prefer a decision making style ground on having a selection choices that require careful individual thought, whereas the Nipponese prefers styles that require more references to other people. In Japan, individuals are likely to broadside their personal success by the success of their team and organization (Siverthome, 2005). doctor of technology While technology has increased the ability to communicate, one king question whether it has increased or diminished the capacity to connect with co-worker s in the workplace. It is through feeling this connection that we derive our sense of teamwork, community, attachment, and belongingall essential aspects of what humans needs to feel valued, respected and acknowledged. It is these core social and emotional elements that lubricate human beings and keep them going in times of difficulty, be it a personal, professional, or even a national crisis (Lewis, 2006). traffic with value conflictsWhat can be done to alleviate burnout? One mount is to focus on the individual who is experiencing stress and help him or her to either reduce it or cope with it. Another approach is to focus on the workplace, rather than just the worker, and change the conditions that are causing the stress. The challenge for organization is to identify interventions that target those particular areas (Diane F. Halpem, 2005). What implications these have for managers?  Value configurations may run and support the organizations coherence, strength, and stability. They also offer managers a fashion model for conceptualizing the nature and purpose of organizational change. One possible explanation for the high failure rate of company mergers and acquisition is culture incompatibility and culture collisions. (Boris Kabanoff, 1995)   ReferencesBORIS KABANOFF, R. W., MARCUS COHEN (1995) Espoused Values and organizational Changes Themes. Academy of Management Journal, 38, 1075-1104.CYNTHIA D. SCOTT, D. T. J., GLENN R. TOBE (1993) Organizational Vision, Values and Mission, Thompson bit Learning.DIANE F. HALPEM, S. E. M. (2005) From Work-family Balance To Work-family Interaction Changing The Metaphor, Routledge.HALABY, C. N. (2003) Where Job Values Come From Family and breeding Background, Cognitive Ability, and Gender. American Sociological Review, 68.HENRY TOSI, N. P. M., JOHN R. RIZZO (2000) Managing Organizational Behavior, Blackwell Publishing.LEWIS, G. W. (2006) Organizational Crisis Management The Human Factor, New York, Auer bach Publications.MERRILL E. DOUGLASS, D. N. D. (1993) Manage Your Time, Your Work, Yourself AMACOM American Mangement Association.RANDOLPH A. POHLMAN, G. S. G. (2000) Value Driven Management How to Create and Maximize Value Over Time for Organizational Success, AMACOM American Management Association.RODNEY NAPIER, C. S., PATRICK SANAGHAN (1997) High Impact Tools and Activities for Strategic Planning yeasty Techniques for Facilitating Your Organizations Planning Process, McGraw-Hill Professional.SIVERTHOME, C. P. (2005) Organizational Psychology in cross-cultural Perspective, NYU Press.

Christian Counseling Methods Essay

IntroductionChristian counsellings are doing graven images work and moldiness(prenominal) use the spectral Gifts with which they were b littleed to be fit to r each(prenominal) their thickenings. objet dart it whitethorn be difficult to ever so tense a lymph gland right a steering, when a Christian guidance grass be powerful and tending approximatelyone rede what deity desires for them, it can be a in truth fulfilling and satisfying experience. But the Christian counselor must know what method they plan to use with each leaf node and turn prohibited quickly if they need to switch methods to cause more(prenominal) trenchant in reaching the client. As is the case with profane advise, Christian Counseling has numerous different methods that can be used. musical composition some of these methods are preferred by more counselors than other(a)s, they all turn come out some similarities and some differences, including in their addresss, concepts, strategies, and how to develop a hash out curriculum within a church community. This paper will attempt to rationalise those similarities and differences, with the methods being compared to Lawrence Crabb, Jr.s method that he wrote about in his 1977 book entitled Effective Christian Counseling.Part I refinement of Christian CounselingFrom the very beginning of his book, Crabb tells Christian counselors that they must affect the question What is the client ultimately a cutisg for? (Crabb, 1977, p. 20). Christian counselors must campaign to determine what a client is trying to get out of counseling. If the client is attempting unless to receive happiness out of counseling, they may non perk up the correct mindset as they start counseling. One of the goals that clients should generate is to proceed closer to Christ. As Crabb states, An obsessive preoccupation with my happiness, however, frequently obscures our understanding of the scriptural route to mystic, abiding joy (p. 20). Cou nselors must direct their clients to engage the inter diversify of God and to follow in the path that He has set drink for them.Christians are told that if seek the Lord and wind up sitting at His right for all of eternity, this will grant us eternal happiness. To be able to realize this, Crabb tells Christians that they must gain for and obtain spiritual and psychological maturity. To obtain this, Christian counselors need to push their clients to do two things. Crabb says that Christians, to originate, they must obey God in the present moment and also strive for long-range character growth (p. 23). If Christians mature spiritually, it will wanton it easier for them to follow the path God has set down for them and their happiness, in this life as well as the next, will increase.Rogers Client-Centered Therapy (RCCT), Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT), and Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) all have very similar goals. All three methods speak less about concentrating on long-term (next life) goals and focus much(prenominal) more on the immediate goals that a client wants in the near future. Instead of maturing spiritually and psychologically, RCCT, CBT, and REBT focus more on just corrective actions and teach that unwanted responses can be unlearned and replaced with more desirable ones (Andrews, 2010, p. 112).Clients are taught slipway to avoid continuing the very(prenominal) deportments that they may have acted on in the past instead of learning why God wants Christians to obey Him. encyclopedism how to be more exchangeable Christ and what rewards await us in the next life is a great motivator to help Christians mature and achieve all of their goals for this life and all eternity with God.While Christian counseling may have a different overall goal than RCCT, CBT, or REBT, this does not signify that Christian counseling cannot use some of the concepts of the other methods. Using multiple methods and finding the right method to reach e ach client should be the overall goal of any part of counseling, be it religious or secular. If this is not the overall goal of the counselor, the client may want to consider finding another counselor who will better assist them.Part II Basic ConceptsOne of Christian counselings approximately important basic concepts is getting deep into a mortals psyche and figuring out scarce what is missing from them not just mentally, further spiritually that may make them less happy than God desires them to be. As Crabb (1977) describes, Christian counselors must form out what kind of personal worth does a client sets in themselves, how significant do that client consider themselves in the grand arrangement of Gods creation, and how secure is the client in their own skin (p. 61).Every client may have a different way of defining their own personal worth, and this is something that a Christian counselor must be able to recognize. Effective Christian counselors will be able to figure ou t where their client feels the safest and where the client feels like they have the most substance within Gods Kingdom. Without being able to do this, it will be very difficult for a Christian counselor to impellingly reach their client and initiate change within that persons life or actions.REBT can be very effective when used in coordination with Christian counseling. Although the founder of REBT, Albert Ellis, was originally staunchly anti-religion, his philosophic stance toward religious beliefs has somewhat softened (Johnson, Ridley, and Nielsen, 2000). Mr. Ellis has nevertheless stated that even devout religious commitment may be accommodating for many clients (Johnson, et. al.). This shows that even someone who originally rejects the idea of God being helpful to those suffering in their lives can be shown the light.The basic concept of REBT began by stating that people shaped their views and actions by the culture within which they were brought up. Depending on a persons culture, that can help determine their self-worth, their own significance within their culture, and how secure they feel within their culture because of their place in society. Christian counseling can be used to help them understand that God views everyone, no matter what skin color, age, or social class, as equal and as His children.Christian counseling may have differing concepts from RCCT, CBT, and REBT at times. All counseling concepts, however, look to assist the client in their lives. By using the methods together, the Christian counselor may be able to find that the client is more receptive to the advice that is being given to them and more given(predicate) to act on that advice.Part III Basic StrategyThe main strategy of Christian counseling is to help the client identify issues handout on in the clients life and how the client can improve their actions to be more like Christ. Identifying issues, behaviors, mindsets surrounding actions can help to change a persons a ctions when the same situation may arise in the future. As Crabb (1977) states, one of the most important strategies later(prenominal) in counseling is to plan what your client will do otherwise now that his thinking has changed (p. 157). The importance of identifying the poor thinking processes and figuring out how to correct those processes cannot be understated. Just because the thinking has been identified does not mean a person will act on changing it unless some sort of plan is put into place with the counselor.RCCT has what could be described as a very unorthodox strategy of helping the client. RCCT states one of the strategies is that the therapist, in no way, should judge or evaluate the individual (Kensit, 2000). This seems a very strange request to make of a therapist. While it is good for the client to determine the direction of each counseling session and what they feel like disclosing to their counselor, not allowing a counselor to evaluate the client seems a very da ngerous strategy. The client may be more open to their counselor, but they are also not receiving any feedback, be it positive or negative, and may not be able to determine for themselves how their actions need to be corrected and how they can improve their lives.Christian counseling seems to have the more effective strategy when it comes to helping clients improve their lives and mindset for the long term. Having a counselor help identify should be more effective than just having a counselor sit and listen and not give any true feedback. Without some feedback from the counselor, the client may as well not come into counseling, as they are not truly getting much out of it.Part IV Developing a Counseling political program in the Local ChurchChristian counseling is really the hardly method where the church is used and where programs are developed. While it was written almost 30 years ago, Crabb (1977) states that In the churches particularly, group work and peer counseling have spr ead in epidemic fashion (p. 163). This seems to still check into true today. There are many different types of peer maintenance groups in church, such as young married couples, mens groups, womens groups, divorced groups, and many more, and they all use Christian counseling methods to support each other within the group. Having someone who is in the same or a similar situation that you may be in is helpful.While many of the people in these groups may not have any sort of true schooling in counseling methods, often times there is a moderator who will help move things on and can offer assistance to those who may need a passe-partout to talk to in addition to their peer group. By using the Spiritual Gifts with which members of the church are equipped, peer counseling and having counseling programs within a church community can be just as effective as having individuals seek professional help.ConclusionChristian counseling would get along to get deeper into a clients psyche tha n secular counseling. While RCCT, CBT, and REBT can be effective in helping someone change their actions for the short term, Christian counseling should prove to be more effective for most clients. Christian counseling looks much longer term than the other styles of counseling. Using Christian counseling in coordination with some of the other methods may assist RCCT, CBT, or REBT to be more effective and successful. Having a grounding in looking towards the long term future and figuring out what God wants for His people will never be a speculative method of counseling, just so long as you find a way to reach the person, use the resources around them, and are able to figure out what a client uses to determine their own value in Gods creation.ReferencesAndrews, L. W. (2010). Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy. In Encyclopedia of Depression (Vol. 1, pp. 112-113). Santa Barbara, CA Greenwood Press. Retrieved July 23, 2014, from http//go.galegroup.com.ezproxy.liberty.edu2048/ps/i.do?action=i nterpret&id=GALE%7CCX1762700076&v=2.1&u=vic_liberty&it=r&p=GVRL&sw=w&authCount=1 Crabb, L. J. (1977). Effective biblical counseling. Grand Rapids, MI Zondervan issue House Johnson, W. B., Ridley, C. R., & Nielsen, S. L. (2000). Religiously sensitive rational emotive behavior therapy Elegant solutions and ethical risks. Professional Psychology Research and Practice, 31(1), 14-20. doi10.1037/0735-7028.31.1.14 Kensit, D. A. (2000). Rogerian scheme a critique of the effectiveness of pure client-centred therapy. Counselling Psychology Quarterly, 13(4), 345-351. Retrieved July 23, 2014, from

Research paper on carnival Essay

Mardi gras skilful the name Mardi gras conjures up images of d firing offken, bead- wearable revelers bounce by and through and through the streets of current siege of Orleans. But how, and when, did this huge mid-winter c tout ensembleer get st impostureed? Heres a look at the history of Mardi gras passim the ages and across the nations. Her kind-heartedkind states, Historians tell us that the quaint Romans probably kicked off the Mardi gras festivitys. (pg. 115)Their mid-February feast k flat as Lupercalia finded the god Lupercus, alternately cognize as the god of profusion and the god of agri cultivation and pastoral shepherds. In either plate, his c entirelyer definitely had Mardi Gras- corresponding qualities, including twenty-four hourss of feasting and drinking. And a little savouring the pleasures of the gen durationl anatomy, probably, too in patternuation, the term circus, genuinely much corresponding with Mardi gras, is derived from the Latin sid e centre f ar hygienic to the flesh. Like intimately of the antique Roman and Hellenic festivals, Lupercalia was adopted and altered by the Church as a way of subtly converting the topical anesthetic pagans to Christianity. The amusement park- the deal festivity of Lupercalia thus morphed into a snuff it emit onwards the beginning of the playacten curio. Lent refers to the 40 old age of pertinence and nuance celebrated between Ash Wednesday and easterly sunshine.During Lent, the religiously faithful refrain from a number of indulgences of the flesh, including feeding meat. (pg. 220) What began as a Roman-based rejoicing quickly unfolding across the European continent. By chivalric clock, lords were droveing bazaars prior to Lent in honor of the conscription of their t finisher knights. Each theatrical role and country celebrated their own customss, except exclusively were sporting. pic In France, this period of revelry before Lent was especially ra ucous. In fact, the term Mardi gras is a cut expression meaning Fat Tuesday likely referring to the indulgent nature of the pre-Lenten celebration. The name whitethorn give birth been more than just allegorical, however. Ancient pagans lots pronounced their fertility ritual by parading a fattened ox through the town before sacrificing it. (lent pg. 101) It was in addition the cut who brought the celebration to America. M any(prenominal) historians believe the break stacky crossed the Atlantic Ocean in 1699, on the ship of a French explorer named Sieur dIberville.The Frenchman landed in what is today Louisiana, just south of New Orleans, the heart of Americas modern-day Mardi Gras celebrations. In fact, his landing is believed to micturate coincided with the French celebration of Mardi gras, explaining his choice of name for his imply of entry Point du Mardi Gras. However, dis upchucke the dIberville come toion, cont stamp outing that it was the primordial French settle rs to Louisiana who stash awayd Mardi gras to America. disregardless(prenominal) of the precise origin, Mardi gras dressing cl betimes be attri merelyed to a Franco-influence. By the mid 1820s, Mardi gras was hard rooted in the New Orleans coating. Lent later states that Today, the citys celebrations atomic number 18 considered bingle of Americas biggest break awayies, with towns and cities end-to-end the Gulf Coast constituent getting in on the fun. (112) Zulu (krewe of Mardi gras) differentwise(a) in 1909, a company of laborers who had organise a club named The Tramps, went to the Pythian Theater to construe a medical specialtyal comedy per cleared by the Smart Set. The comedy included a skit en styled, There Never Was and Never go forth Be a King like Me, near the Zulu Tribe. (herman pg. 201) The earliest signs of organic law came from the fact that the majority of these men belonged to a charitable care Society. impolitehearted Societies were the prime(p renominal) tunes of redress in the Black community where, for a small amount of dues, members received pecuniary help when sick or pecuniary aid when burying deceased members. Conversations and interviews with aged(a) members also indicate that in that era the city was divided into h seniles and separately ward had its own radical or Club. The Tramps were matchless such(prenominal) group. later curbing the skit, they retired to their collision appear (a room in the hind end of a restaurant/bar in the 1100 block of Perdido Street), and emerged as Zulus. (pg 210).According to herman, This group was probably made up of members from the Tramps, the Benevolent Aid Society and otherwise ward-based groups. era the grouping marched in Mardi gras as early as 1901, their firstly appearance as Zulus came in 1909, with William Story as King. The group wore raggedy pants, and had a Jubilee-singing quartet in face up of and behind King Story. His costume of en wide-ranging wad crown and banana fore scepter has been well documented. The Kings following William Story, (William Crawford 1910, hawkshaw Williams 1912, and Henry Harris 1914), were similarly attired. (pg. 214). 1915 heralded the first use of touts, constructed on a efflux w agon, utilize dry good boxes. The float was decorated with palmetto leaves and moss and carried four Dukes along with the King. That menial beginning gave rise to the lavish floats we see in the Zulu sight today. On kinsfolk 20, 1916, in the nonorial office of Gabriel Fernandez, the Zulu Social Aid and Pleasure Club were incorporated. Twenty-two of the organizations officers and members signed the first semiofficial document.The Geddes and Moss Funeral Home, located on Washington alley, compete an integral cave in in Zulus beginning, and gestate continued to do so throughout the eld. The first official salute of King Zulu and his Queen is held at this physical composition each family. Zulus were non wit hout their contr all all oversies, either. In the 1960s during the height of Black awareness, it was un general to be a Zulu. Dressing in a grass skirt and donning a bare face were seen as world demeaning. medium-large numbers of black organizations protested against the Zulu organization, and its membership dwindled to nearly 16 men. James Russell, a long-time member, served as president in this period, and is credited with safekeeping the organization together and slowly convey Zulu back to the forefront. (pg. 220) In 1968, Zulus passage took them on two major streets namely, St. Charles Avenue and Canal Street, for the first time in the modern era to see the Zulu a that, you had to turn the so-called back streets of the Black neighborhoods.The requisition laws of this period contri buted to this, and Zulu tradition also contend a part. In those days, neighborhood interdict sponsored certain floats and, consequently, the floats were obligated to pass those bars. fuga cious meant stopping, as the bars advertised that the Zulus volition stop here Once halt at a sponsoring bar, it was often ticklish to get the riders out of the establishment, so the other floats took off in different directions to action their obligations. Zulu has surfacen tremendously over the years. This invariable growth is credited to the members for their love, loyalty and consignment to this organization. In 1978, the organization opened its doors to their current home, a two-story frame building houses a lounge pour downstairs for members and guests to enjoy themselves. Of all the throws to rain down from the umpteen floats in the parades during pleasure ground, the Zulu coconut tree or Golden Nugget is the well-nigh sought later on.The earliest type to the coconut appears to be about 1910 when the coconuts were given from the floats in their natural hairy state. Some years later there is a reference to Lloyd Lucus, the sign painter, scraping and painting th e coconuts. This was the antecedent to the bewitchingly decorated coconuts we see today. (pg. 229) With the pro breedingration of lawsuits from bulk alleging injury from thrown coconuts, the organization was uneffective to get insurance coverage in 1987. So that year, the honored tradition was suspended. aft(prenominal) much lobbying, the Louisiana Legislature passed SB188, aptly dubbed the Coconut Bill, which excluded the coconut from liability for alleged(a) injuries arising from the coconuts handed from the floats. On July 8, 1988, hence-governor Edwards signed the circuit card into law. (pg. 233) funfair in the CaribbeanHundreds of years ago followers of the Catholic religion in Italy started the tradition of holding a loco costume festival right before Lent. Because Catholics are not supposed to eat meat during Lent, they called their festival, carnevale-which means to put out-of-door meat. (internet site caribbean carnival)As time passed, carnivals in Italy became qu ite famous. The practice spread to France, Spain and Portugal. As these Catholic countries began to take control of the Americas and other parts of the world, they brought with them their tradition of celebrating fair. In many a(prenominal) parts of the world, where Catholic Europeans set up colonies and entered into slave trade, carnival took root. Today funfair celebrations are found throughout the Caribbean. Traditions of the civilisations have come together and especially African jump and medical specialty traditions transformed the early European carnival traditions in the Americas. authorised to the Caribbean festival arts are the ancient African traditions of parading and moving in circles through villages in costumes and masks. These traditions were believed to bring good fortune, to recover problems and chill out angry spirits. Caribbean carnival traditions also borrow from the African culture the tradition of creating pieces of sculpture, masks and costumes. For the Caribbean mickle carnival became an of the essence(predicate) way to express their fat ethnical traditions. It takes many months of coming up with a physical composition or overall idea and developing costumes for the boundrs. Lots of creativity, energy and constancy is put into piece of work such as welding, painting, sewing, gluing, applying feathers, sequins and glitter. pleasure ground groups, entertained by music orchestras, parade and dance wearing costumes enactment a common theme.When pleasure ground first began it was celebrated from December 26 until Shrove Tuesday (the day before Ash Wednesday). Nowadays bazaar festivities and activities are being held year-round in the Caribbean. The dates on which fair celebrations such as music rivalrys, festivals, concerts, street jump-ups, bag pageants, balls, parades etc. take aim may vary from country to country, from island to island. For days, whatevertimes weeks, the raft of the Caribbean express themselves socia lly and artistically and manifest joy with visitors from all over the world. (internet sit Caribbean carnival)Every atomic number 53, including the spectators, is part of the celebrations.Antigua and BermudaThe festivities reveal the many influences that formed the Antiguan society, cultural, social and political. all over the years cultural elements from countries like Venezuela, Brazil, Holland, Colombia and the join States have slipped into the Antiguan community and unify with and into the anomalous world famous carnival celebration with its typical characteristics of creativity and rhythm, dance happiness, Flamboyant costumes, Beauty pageants, Talent repoints, and colossal music. either these and more define a fantastic celebration of happiness that is the Antigua pleasure ground. In retrospect, the Antigua carnival dates back in noble 1 of 1834 when slavery was entirely abolished. In 1666, it was ravaged by French inhabitants but was briefly conquered by the Britis h and was officially restored to them by the Treaty of Breda. It all started when the local natives immediately went to the streets to express their joyful celebration of freedom.As the years passed by, it continued not until in 1957 where it was declared an official Antigua circus. (oduber pg. 97) Since thus, the Antigua Carnival has developed into ten days jam-packed with revelry in a glitzy flair of dance to the m of the Calypso. It includes marches, jump-ups and shows which ever took set some the last week of July up to the first week of August. The Antigua Carnival is undeniably the best time for tourists to immerse with the culture of this Caribbean island. If you head to the city, you are fortunate to stunner the junk Ban, a steel orchestra, practicing for the consequence.(oduber pg. 99) They go by troupes as they set up a Mas Camp, a base where their tangled wardrobes are made. It is also the starting crest as they walk to the metropolis to open the Antigua Carn ival. The lively even sot culminates by a massive road party called Jouvert, which means day break. Everybody is literally on their feet as they sway to the beat of the drums from the young night until the middle morning.Barbados ( rank over)Masquerading was an old African tradition, where they paraded in masks and costumes through the villages to bring good luck and to remove sin spirits. Originally materials for costumes were natural things such as grass, beads, bones, etc. Head-pieces and Masks were made of feathers to symbolic re benefactionationize that people can spiritually rise higher up anything. Most European colonies within the Caribbean who were part of the slave trade have Carnival or Carnival-like celebrations. (praiser pg. 23)Now in large countries like USA, Canada and England, where they are Caribbean communities you result find Carnival celebrations.The History of array everywhereThe end of the sugar cane pull together, or groom over as it is al most(prenom inal) everlastingly referred to, has long been the occasion for celebration. In what seems to be the earliest reference to the plume Over festival, we find the manager of Newton grove writing in 1788 to the estates owner in England, telling him that he had held a dinner and sober dance for the slaves, saying twas a celebration of harvest-tide Time after the crop. (housman pg. 304) Many aspects of woodlet deportment in Barbados carried on unaltered after the end of slavery, and the harvest-tide Over festival likewise continued. Never the less there must have been an all-authoritative(prenominal) difference in the way in which the festival was perceived. in the beginning emancipation, the planter had no choice but to support his slaves, well or badly as the case might have been, all year round. After 1838, for most people Crop Over meant not just the end of a period of hard work, but also the beginning of a period of less work and lower wages. For many the interval between two crops would and then have been hard times, and the symbol of these, perhaps not invented until after Emancipation, was the opine of a man stuffed with trash (the dry out leaves of the sugar cane plant) which was known as Mr. Harding. (pg. 311) Mr. Harding was formally introduced to the manager of the woodlet, and, fit in to some accounts, later burnt as part of the celebrations which must have had a touching of desperation to them as people strove to enjoy themselves while they could.The festival was apparently plum common at the beginning of the present century, by which time the name Crop Over seems to have ousted that of Harvest Time. A attendion of drag ins would bring the last canes to the plantation yard, the draught animals being decorated with flamboyant, frangipanni and other flowers, whilst brightly colourful kerchiefs would be tied like flags to the canes. The laborers would parade around the yard, and it was at this point that that they would introduce Mr. Hard ing to the manager, after which they would adjourn for a dance, for the manager or the owner of the estate would normally institute some salt meat and rum. veritable(a) by 1940 Crop Over was being described as a custom which has very nearly died out, according to Housman (pg. 316), and the continuing decline of sugar and the festering availability of other sources of employment had put an end to much of traditional plantation life. The modern Crop Over, bring to by the Board of Tourism in 1974 and now administered by the National Cultural Foundation, pays allowance to the fact that sugar is sleek over primary(prenominal) in Barbados and the immense influence which it has had on our history. The present day festival is very different from the old time Crop Over, but it continues as a tradition by offering a electrifying celebration of many aspects of Bajan Culture, old and new. proceeds-OVER bazaarCrop-over has become the centerpiece of Barbados culture, a process enriched by much history, a excavate visitor promotional sense, and the great close pre-Lenten Carnival of Trinidad & Tobago. trip the light fantastic-line from April 22 whitethorn 01 begins with the longest Conga line in the Caribbean and features a series of concerts at the Malibu Conga line Village. whitethorn 1 is the finale, where ties, floats and Carnival goers take part in the may Day Parade, The Caribbeans largest summer Carnival begins on the first Saturday with the Decorated cart and float opening and Gala crop-over opening. (praiser pg.31) This parade begins at Bridgetown Independence hearty in the early afternoon and finishes at the National roll. Here, the opening ceremony takes stake with the ceremonial delivery of the last canes and the crown of the king and queen of the festival followed by an excellent night of entertainment and socializing. The festival, revived in 1974 following a 30-year hiatus, continues to grow and evolve with the culture. Unlike most Carnival s whose grow are in spring, Crop-over is a harvest festival dating back centuries to the end of the sugar cane season.The end to all the grueling and arduous work was marked by the final delivery of canes to the mill. sure as shooting a cause for song, dance and command jubilation, as such, the workers would begin the festivities by boisterously telling each other CROP OVER. Folk Concerts celebrating the emancipation from slavery are popular events during the Carnival season the last Carnival weekend features the most important Carnival events. On Friday, there will be the Pic-O-De-Crop Finals at the National Stadium. The succeeding(a) night in the wee hours of Sunday morn, the Fore-Day morning jump-up will go down from 2am till dawn. Before this special event is the steelpan competition. Cohobblopot is a huge carnival-like show where the most popular calypsonians and bands perform on Carnival Sunday night. The Calypso challenger is one of the worlds best even though it feature s primarily local talent.Before the best singer/songwriters of the season are chosen, the talent will perform their new compositions at many venues or tents. These tents, with name like Super Gladiators, Conquerors, House of Soca, Pioneers and travel Cats, play an important role in deciding who will win the title of Party milkweed butterfly, Road March Monarch and the Pic-O-De-Crop Monarch. The King and Queen of the bands competition is also an important part of the Cohobblopot Sunday show. brace tickets in advance since the National Stadium can sell out, specially with all the talk about not allowing it to be broadcast on free TV. (pg. 37) All this buildup makes for a memorable magisterial Finale, or as they say at Barbados Crop-over, the Grand Kadooment. Here, over two dozen large costumed bands will go dancing down de road inviting everyone to jump up with them as they make their way to the sea surf. (pg. 42) TukIndigenous to Barbados, its a combination of African and Bri tish military rhythms with the musicians habilimented in minstrel like costumes creating music from kettledrums, bass drums and whistles. They play sounds like border district band music, old-time waltzes and almost always end with an African beat. According to praier, This is a great spectacle to see. ( pg. 51) The musicians are as austere about their music as any steelband man. Although a part of the old era, it is still very alive and a part of the modern day celebrations with completions staged during Crop Over.Calypso & SocaAlthough calypso is endemical to Trinidad, it now holds a very enceinte place in the Crop over Celebration. Like Trinidad Carnival, it has all the trimmings, the Tents, parties, semi-finals judging and then to the Calypso Monarch finals, which take place just before Grand Kadooment. The Bajan artistes are holding their own with this art form and have even created new forms like Ringband and Ragga-soca, a definite invention of the Bajan calypsonians. ( pg. 55)SteelbandBorrowed from Trinidad, the Bajans have taken it, and now the popularity and growth of the steelband in Barbados is phenomenal, states praiser. (pg. 68) with every year seeing the proceeds of the sound and quality of the music to the accomplishment that steelband has now taken a place on the curriculum of many of the schools on the island.Grand KadoomentThe grand finale, a parade of the costumed bands for the final competition for author of the Year Crown. The revelers are dressed in elaborate costumes depicting assorted themes dancing to music playing from the most popular bandstands, with disc jockeys winding their way down to Spring Garden where they would be judged for this begrudge crown. (pg. 73) St. Vincent and the Grenadines (vincy mas)HistoryHugh Ragguette, a name that is synonymous with Carnival in St. Vincent explained to The Vincentian that the past root of Carnival lie in fat antiquity since at the dawn of history, man celebrated several festivals of which Carnival was one. The Kalinagos and other indigenous peoples who inhabited St. Vincent had their festivals. With the introduction of slavery, the Africans with their varying cultures and rich variety added to those expressions. Although the practice of wearing mas came from Africa and was subsequently adopted by the Greek and Romans, it was actually the French who celebrated carnival in the Caribbean as the highlight of the year. After the British supplanted the French, the practice continued. The wearing of Mas in carnival was introduced by the Pope in Rome in 1494 and then spread throughout Europe. (Sutty pg. 37) Naturally, the slaves participated in these festivals at a different level. The slaves would have noted and participated in the festival, albeit at a different level.Naturally, they were not invited to the mas balls and dances. stated however, when chattel slavery ended, the freed slaves embraced carnival and turned it into a callaloo pot, adding elements of the respective(prenominal) cultures.(pg 38) They took to the streets and dis compete the theatrical spectacle they had created and to vent their subdued imaginative abilities. These street marches took place on the Monday and Tuesday before Ash Wednesday. Unable to cosmic string the hands and feet of the slaves any longer, in 1892, he related, the colonial Governor banned the festival claiming that the revellers were lashing out at each other and observers with whips. Ragguette held some other opinion, The principal(prenominal) solid ground was to suppress the peoples culture and their peculiar African expressions. The coloniser could not infrastand these expressions and wanted to stifle them. The harass that burnt within slavery was cut down to mere embers and in 1879, fuelled by the unchainable African spirit it leapt into flames again. In 1899, the people stubborn that come what may, ban or no ban, which they were going to celebrate.They began the celebrations as early as t he Friday preceding Ash Wednesday. As a result, the colonisers brought out what was termed the armed might of the pudding stone. (pg 44) The people resisted and a riot stony-broke out, writing the Carnival Riots of the 11th and twelfth February into this countrys history books. From then on, Carnival has been a part of St.Vincents culture. Four years later, carnival fever spread to Trinidad in the south where the festival had been banned resulting in the Comboule Riots. throughout the years people have built on and experimented with the components of Carnival to the extent Trinidadians have invented a musical instrument in the form of the steel pan to provide attendant music to its calypso. ( pg. 47).By 1973, it was virtually hopeless to hold all the Carnival shows during the Wednesday and Tuesday period. Our pan, our calypso, and tokenly our Mas has reached a level of development that it essential to spread its wings outside the Catholic Christian Carnival to a more embracin g festival, Ragguette commented. (pg. 49) Since the festival was held so soon after Christmas and the length of time procurable for shows coupled with the fact the Trinidad and Tobago, whom Ragguette stated had run away with title of king of Carnival in the world and boasted of having the great show on earth, held its Carnival around the akin time, it was necessary to move the festival to another season.The June-July period was decided as most suitable. (pg. 50) With more time to work, the CDC wanted to introduce a Caribbean component into its programme. Antigua and Barbuda already had a Caribbean Calypso Competition and the organisation could not get beyond the logistics of a Caribbean Pan or King and Queen of the Bands competition. sutty explained that it was mat that a show should be nonionic to showcase the bag and profound intelligence activity of our Caribbean women. (pg. 53). This resulted in the birth of Miss Caribbean Carnival Miss Carnival.TrinidadCarnivals head te acher components are calypso, steelpan and playing mas (masquerade). In the historic capital City of Port-of-Spain, Trinidad, these elements are harmoniously structured to form a v day ritual pageant beginning with the King & Queen Contest (Friday), Panorama (Saturday), Dimanche Gras (Sunday), JOuvert (Monday) and the Parade of the Bands (Tuesday). ( parking lot pg 57) These main events and countless others build to an unforgettable epiphany of beauty and stunning display of the irrepressible human spirit before concluding and allowing the muffled first day of Lent and check known as Ash Wednesday to be admitted to consciousness. picThe genesis of this worlds greatest Carnival has been attributed to the many cultures of Trinidad and their interaction. magical spell the African influence is predominant, the Carnival carries an overriding theme of unity, a central part of this unique cultures mythology. Trinidads namesake, the holy Trinity is blessed as the merge principle. Th is is the countrys well known motto, resting at the base of the ubiquitous and tangency T&T show up of Arms reads, Together we Aspire, Together we achieve. (pg 59).Yet the wisdom lies in paradox for there is no Carnival with more intense competition than Trinidads. picToday Trinidads model for public celebration is the most widely resultd festival art form in the world. Many Trinidadian Carnival artists are able to work year round performing throughout North America, Europe, and the Caribbean.Jouvert carrier bag Jab The name of this mas is derived from the French patois for Diable Diable. It is fairly devil mas. The costume consists of a Kandal or satin knickers, and satin shirt with points of stuff at the waist, from which bells hang. On the chest, there is a shaped cloth panel which is decorated with swansdown, rhinestones and reverberates. Stockings and alpagatas are feeble on the feet, while the headdress consists of a hood with stuffed cloth horns. The costume can c ome in alternating colourize and be divided into front and back panels. (pg 61) The Jab Jab has a recondite whip of plaited hemp which he swings and cracks threateningly. These whips can reduce the costumes of other Jab Jabs to threads. It is not to be confused with Jab Molassie. comprehend MOLASSIE Jab is the French patois for Diable (Devil), and Molassie is the French patois for Mlasse (Molasses). (pg 62)The Jab Molassie is one of several varieties of devil mas played in Trinidad and Tobago carnival.The costume consists of short pants or pants cut off at the knee, and a mask and horns. The jab malassie would buy in chains, and wear locks and keys around his waist, and carry a pitch fork. He may cytologic smear his body with grease, tar, mud or colored dyes (red, green or blue). The jab molassie wines or gyrates to a rhythmic beat that is played on tins or pans by his imps. While some of his imps supply the music, others hold his chain, ostensibly restraining him as he pulls against them in his ferocious dance. The differences among the various forms of devil mas were once distinct, but have become blurred over time.Trinidads carnival is a beautiful paradigm of how carnival can connect the entire world. In this Trinidad little nation, the modus vivendi and customs of various cultures come conjointly for a short five days every year, the entire country lolly thinking about their dissimilarities to celebrate life Similar to many other countries under colonial rule, the history of Native Americans and African people in Trinidad is atrocious and a sad story. At different times England and Spain both maintained Trinidad as their colonies. slightly 1785, Carnival was introduced to Trinidad. The French settlers started to arrive. The custom caught on chop-chop, and fancy balls were held where the rich planters pretend masks, and beautiful dresses, wigs, and dance the whole night.The employ of masks had particular meaning for the slaves, as for several Af rican peoples, masking is usually used in their rituals for the dead. Evidently banned from the cloak balls of the French, the slaves would storage area their own tiny carnivals in their gardens using their folklore and own rituals. However they also imitate their masters manners at the masked balls. Carnival has turned out to be a way to convey their permission as individuals for African people, and also for their rich cultural traditions. (pg. 102) The slavery was eradicated after 1838, the Africans were freed and started to host their individual carnival celebrations in Trinidad streets.This carnival developed progressively and sophisticated and rapidly became trendier than the balls. Nowadays, Trinidad carnival is like a mirror that reflects the faces the many immigrant nations from Africa, India, China and Europe. Carnival is such a significant aspect of life in Trinidad, as many schools sureness that funding/ sponsoring a carnival band is a way to train youngsters about t heir culture and roots. According to green, Hundreds of schools and community organizations gift in Trinidads Kiddies Carnival. In this fashion, communities working as one to build up strong friendships and good respect for the various cultures that make up Trinidad. (pg. 59)BibliographyCaribbean carnival Caribseek.comhttp//www.caribseek.com/adventure_and_entertainment/carnivals/caribbean-carnival.shtml.Carnival in Trinidad. Mustard.org.early 1985 carnival in Trinidad ontogenesis and symbolic menaing.21 February 2008 http//www.mustard.org.uk/articles/trinidad.htm.Cowley, John. Carnival, Canboulay and Calypso Traditions in the Making. 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