Analysing The Malaysian Construction Industry Construction Essay

Analysing The Malaysian wind Industry device EssayAbstract The Malaysian anatomical structure fabrication is undergoing a transitional change from an industry employing ceremonious technology to a more than(prenominal) opinionated and mechanized governance. This new administration is now known as the industrialised Building corpse (IBS). This new order of twist atomic number 50 amplification productivity and feel of seduce through the drill of better eddy machinery, equipment, materials and extensive pre- object planning. This sphere starts very needful since there is yet no organized body, which do-nothing provide the necessary information on the edifice apostrophize comparison amongst the stuffy dust and industrialized build system in Malaysias construction industry. This cogitation too addresses the structure terms comparison of the conventional system and industrialized grammatical construction system of form exercise system. It provides the de tails build address between the conventional system and the formwork system and indicates which of the ii is cheaper. The data were collected through questionnaire survey and case muse, which consisting of institutional expressions. through and through the statistical test t-test it is shown that there is a signifi brookt disagreement in greet deliverance for the conventional system as comp atomic number 18d to the formwork system (industrialized build system)Key words pompous, Formwork System, Building appeal, equationINTRODUCTIONThe Malaysian construction industry is undergoing a transitional change from an industry employing conventional technologies to a more systematic and mechanized system employing the latest computer and dialogue technologies. This is vital for the future health of the industry, abandoned the trend leadards global argument and the advent of the k-economy.The Industrialized Building System (IBS) has been introduced in Malaysia since the 60s by the use of precast concrete beam-column elements. Since the demand of structure construction has change magnitude rapidly, it is necessary to innovate a construction method, which revivifys up the mental synthesis construction process. Abdullah et ad. 1 has listed the divers(a) types of edifice systems currently available in Malaysia. Few definitions of industrialized expression system be too given by various authors 2. To sum-up, in general, the IBS is a methodology whereby a local construction industry is operate towards the adoption of an integrated and encouraging key players in the construction industry to produce and utilize pre-fabricated and mass production of the build at their work sites. This will help to enhance the efficiency of construction process, altogetherowing a high(prenominal) productivity, quality, time and monetary value providence.The construction cost of a structure exploitation precast components should be assessed in its over all(prenomi nal) context. The traditional method of be by material quantities with a fixed factor for labor cost can lead to incorrect estimation. For example, if labor usage is halved, this will more than compensate for a 10% material increase. More importantly, there is saving in time. Also, if properly designed and executed, precast can lead to very much better quality of work. The overall cost impact of precast has indeed to take all these factors into consideration. With the rising be of labor and less self-assurance of dependable skilled manpower, the trend is that precast construction will become increasingly competitive compared to cast-in-place construction 3.Classification of Industrialized Building System Industrialization The Oxford English Dictionary (1991) defines industrialization as the process of industrializing or fact of be industrialized also, the conversion of an organization into an industry. However, industrialization in this study means industrial methods employed, referring to especially, prefabrication, mechanization and standardization. The meaning of prefabricated, consort to the a resembling(p) dictionary, is, to manufacture, sections of building or similar structure, in a factory or yard prior to their convention on a site. However, prefabrication in this study is the assembly of buildings or their components at a location other than the building site.The types of construction methods range from a conventional construction method to to the full prefabricated construction method. Generally, the construction methods are classified here into four categories* Conventional construction method* Cast-in-situ* conglomerate method* Fully pre-fabricated method.Conventional Construction Method Conventional building method is defined as components of the building that are pre-fabricated on site through the processes or look or plywood formwork installation, stigma reinforcement and cast in-situ. Conventional building are, for the or so par t built of reinforced concrete frames 4. The traditional construction method uses wooden formwork. It is much more costly for construction, which includes labor, raw material, transportation and low revivify of construction time 5.Cast-in-situ Construction Method This system is suitable for a orbit where unskilled labor is limited. in that respect is no heavy machinery or high technology involved. The system is technically applicable to al close to all types of building. Formwork is used as a mould, where wet concrete, is poured into a fly-by-night system. The temporary system also acts as a temporary support for the structures. The target of in-situ method is to eat and to reduce the traditional site ground trades like traditional timber formwork, brickwork, plastering and to reduce labor content. A carefully planned in-situ work can maximize the productivity, speed and accuracy of prefabricated construction. Cast in-situ method uses lightweight prefabricated formwork made of steel/fiberglass/aluminum that is easily erected and dismantled. The steel reinforcement is placed at heart the formwork as they are being erected and concrete is poured into the mould. When the concrete is set according to the required strength the mould are dismantled. The workers can be expert easily to erect the moulds and set the steel reinforcement. Its advantages over the traditional construction method are, its low skill requirement, can be quickly constructed, upkeep is low, structure is durable and cost can be less 5.Composite Construction Method The objectives of composite construction method (partially prefabricated) are to remedy quality, reduce cost and shorten construction time. The concept of partial industrialized is derived from the composite nature of full industrialization and is used to describe a manufacturing or production strategy that selectively uses some industrializing aspects, while avoiding or postponing the use of others. The prefabricated const ruction method is combined in such a manner the features applied could be prominently demonstrated especially compose various work such as temporary facilities, building frames, building finishes and equipments 5.Fully Prefabricated Construction Method In this method of construction, all elements that can be standardized are prefabricated in the factory. Normally, this method would involve the assembly of precast elements such as blast slabs, in filled walls, bathrooms, staircases, and so forth into place for incorporation into the main(prenominal) unit, columns and beams. This method of construction has reduced the get along of site labor involved in building operations and increased the productivity of the industry. Precast building systems can reduce the duration of a scheme if certain conditions are met 6.The last iii construction methods are considered nonconventional construction methods. These types of construction are specifically aimed to increase productivity and qu ality of work through the use of better construction machinery, equipment, technology and materials. The main important point to consider here is the particular construction method most suitable for a particular project 7.Method of personify likeness in Construction Industry During the past decade a large number of such studies has been carried out and published. In the existing studies three principal approaches for comparing cost of building projects among countries can be exalted 8-11* parity of standardized very(a) buildings* Comparison of standard buildings with local modifications* Comparison of functionally similar buildings Comparison of Standardized Identical Buildings With the first method exactly the same buildings work is priced on the basis of the same drawings and specifications. This is realizable only in theory, largely as a consequence of theme (or even regional) differences which exist in architecture, standards, availability of products, etc. The building a nd the costs will be comparable, but they are not necessarily representative. Comparison of Standard Buildings with Local Modifications Better representivity can be achieved when modifications for local circumstances, like building codes, standards, specification levels, are interpreted into account.Comparison of Functionally mistakable Buildings With the third approach, common, functionally similar buildings are compared this means building types, which are representative. Not only locally divergent circumstances and quality-levels are taken into account, but also various performance and aesthetic criteria, which reflect typical client requirements or tenant expectations for a building in that sector. The buildings and the costs are representative, but not necessarily comparable. Arguably apples are being compared with oranges 12. A meaningful comparison must take into account all relevant (time-dependant and quantity-dependant) cost components, classified as follows 13* LabourDi rect confirmative* Materials* Investment* General expenses (site and plant)* Transportation (for system construction only) * OverheadAs for this study the method of cost comparison used is standardised identical buildings and functionally similar buildings while the unit is cost per gross floor area.Research Methodology selective information was collected by using ring armor questionnaire. To strengthen the finding of the survey and to assist in providing the information almost building cost comparison study, a case study was also conducted. However the major approach was using questionnaire, considering such factors on smack size, time, cost and social movements. Questionnaire method was chosen as the appropriate approach for this study. Questionnaire can reach a large number of respondents in different locations of the country at a relatively lower cost, shorter time and less effort as compared to other data collection methods. The questionnaires were sent to the general manage r, project manager, technical executive, managing director and project director. The questionnaires were mailed to the respondents, accompanied by a covering letter, self addressed and stamped envelope. The case study was conducted on building cost comparison of 1 unit 4-storey of school building project carried out by macrocosm Works department, Malaysia, which uses conventional system and formwork system. Data gathered on building cost of building systems in Malaysia were processed and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS).RESULTS AND sermonFigure 1 shows building cost-saving in term of percentage. Forty tow percent of the respondents agreed that conventional construction method are more cost saving, 25% agreed that composite construction method are most cost saving, 21% agreed that formwork system are most cost saving. Last but not least only 12% agreed that prefabricated construction method are most cost saving.The introductory study showed clearly the advantages of using formwork system (cast in-situ). These were speed, quality and economics 5. However, the entrusts of the compendium revealed that the conventional construction method is more cost saving compared to the IBS method. gibe to the reasons given by the respondents, the conventional system is more cost saving as compared to formwork system was because of better negotiations and chances to get the most competitive cutter price appropriate to the developers budget. There is also tractability in choosing option building materials at a lower cost. Therefore, building cost can be reduced. As for the IBS, there are limited to a some manufacturers or specialized contractors. This contributed to the higher cost of building due to higher licensing cost and they tend to be monopolized by the higher price of the building panel or other building components.Formwork System Case debate The selected industrialized building system case study is found on formwork system. This sy stem is suitable for a country where unskilled labor is limited. There is no heavy machinery or high technology involved. The system is technically applicable to almost all type of buildings. Formwork are used as a mould, where wet concrete, is poured into a temporary system. The temporary system also acts as a temporary support for the structures. This In-situ method is to eliminate and reduce the traditional site based trades like traditional timber formwork, brickwork, plastering and to reduce labor content. Carefully planned in-situ work can maximize the productivity, speed and accuracy of prefabricated construction 5. The main objective of this case study is to study the cost comparison of school building cost of 1 unit 4-Storey (academic block) project carried out by Public Works Department, Malaysia, which uses conventional/traditional system and formwork system. The conventional and formwork system building cost is based on analysis of the Elemental Cost abbreviation (ECA) form. The formwork system is based on the combination of pre-fabrication and in-situ conventional construction, which features the economic consumption of permanent concrete for elements instead of conventional timber formwork.Building Cost Information The main objective of this case study is to study the cost comparison of 4-storey school buildings, which used conventional/traditional system and formwork system. The conventional system building and the formwork system cost is based on principal(a) cost analysis form from the Public Work Department, Malaysia 14.Cost Comparison Table 1 shows the mean difference between 1 unit four storey school building of conventional and formwork system for 20 numbers of data. The mean cost of conventional system is RM 432 per square one thousand whereby the formwork system is RM 544 per square sentence. The difference is RM112 per square criterion. Although the difference is RM112 per square meter the total of the square meter for 1 unit 4-st orey school building is about 2000 square meter. This shows that there is a wide difference between IBS and Conventional. In laymans term the IBS is very pricy. For example, if the government wish to build 20 school building of the same IBS, this means the cost will be very high. Therefore, all efforts must be made to reduce this so as to ensure the future use of IBS method is feasible.The t-test analysis is a statistical analysis to test the difference between two variables. The decide is to show the significance level of the building cost comparison between 1 unit four storey school buildings using conventional system and formwork system.The present study used a two-tailed test The central reason for application of the two-tailed test over onetailed test is to ensure that the result obtained is compatible. If only one-tailed test is used, then the result obtained might not be the same with that of a two-tailed test. If the result shows the difference between conventional and fo rmwork system is not significant then, the study cannot conclude that formwork system is more pricy than conventional system. Perhaps, The formwork system is only expensive for certain numbers of buildings based on 20 numbers of data available.Table 2 shows the result of the t-test conducted using IBS (formwork system) and conventional methods. It has been found that there is a 0.000 (last column) or blow% confidence level. This therefore, confirms that cost of building using formwork system method is expensive compared to the conventional method. The mean difference is RM 112 per square meter shows that formwork system is more expensive compared to conventional system. The highest building cost difference per square meter is RM 149 and the lowest difference is RM 75 per square meter.This analysis, which was carried out was based on Elemental Cost Analysis Form (ECA) from Public Works Department, Malaysia shows 1 unit 4-storey school building cost using conventional system and for mwork system. The cost provided uses the same type of contract.With reference to Table 1, the mean cost of conventional system is RM 432 per square meter, where as the formwork system is RM 544 per square meter. The difference is RM 112 per square meter from 20 numbers of data. The results showed that the difference is significant with a 100% confidence levels. Therefore, the conventional cost is cheaper, compared to formwork system. This finding is in tackiness with the results already obtained in an earlier survey analysis.CONCLUSIONAccording to the reasons given by the respondents, the conventional system is more cost saving as compared to formwork system (IBS) since it provides better negotiation chances so as to obtain the most competitive tender price appropriate to the developers budget. There is also flexibility in choosing alternative building materials at lower cost. Therefore, building cost can be reduced. As for the IBS, there are limited to a few manufacturers or speci alized contractors. This contributes to the higher cost of building since a higher licensing cost is levied on the IBS panel and they tend to be monopolized by the higher price of the building panel or other building components.From the results of the case study, it can be concluded that the conventional construction system is more cost saving as compared to the formwork system (IBS). The case study results are also in coherence with the result from the survey analysis. nigh of the organized body in the construction industry thought that the building cost of IBS is more cost saving compared to conventional system. However, the present study proved the results was opposite to what was thought earlier.