Highly Homogeneous Copper Ferrite Nanoparticles Production

Highly Homogeneous Copper Ferrite Nanoparticles ProductionSUMMARY AND consequenceA simple and economical route has been prep bed for producing three serial of highly homogeneous hair ferrite nanoparticles. The ferrite sample was prepared by stodgy oxide ceramic method.The ferrite system formed isCuFe2-2yAl2yO4(where y=0.0, 0.05, 0.15 0.25). The effect of aluminum bailiwick on structural, galvanising and magnetic properties was studied. The microstructural properties of the prepared samples are investigated using roentgenogram diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscope, and Infra red absorption spectroscopy.The X-ray diffraction patterns communicate inverse spinel tetragonal structure for totally the synthesized samples. The average crystal sizes were reckon using Scheerer formula. The crystal size calculated in the present speculate is found in the nano range 50nm to 100 nm.For all the synthesized samples, the X- ray meanness and physical density is found to decrease with sum up in Al concentration.The curie temperature was determined from the susceptibility measurements. It show the phase transition of ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic to paramagnetic substance. The changing Curie temperature values give us the information about the strength of the A-B exchange interactions and the thermal stability of the ferromagnetic characteristics. Below the Curie temperature the magnetic material shows continuous magnetization. Above the Curie temperature the magnetic material does not show any magnetization. The Curie temperature is touch by the A-B distance. The Curie temperature decreases with increment in the distance A-B. In the ferromagnetic class Fe3+ ion is having the highest magnetic min and thus it plays an important share in deciding properties. Therefore Curie temperature is directly linked with Fe3+ ion participating in A-B interaction. The value of Curie temperature is found to be decrease with decrease in Fe3+ ion concenteration.The magnetic s usceptibility of the ferrimagnetic materials increase with increase in temperature. At a certain temperature called Curie temperature (Tc) the material lose its ferrimagnetic nature and become paramagnetic. explosive drop in magnetic susceptibility is observed at Tc.The electrical properties of ferrites are usually based on the band structure and pallbearer hoping model. Ferrites have higher resistance than metals by several times. They are too regarded as very(prenominal) structure sensitive material. This created considerable interest in many research workers for the development and potential application of ferrites in the electronic industry. The conductivity of ferrite is greatly influenced by porosity, metric grain size and microstructure of the sample. It is observed that DC electrical resistivity increases with increase concentration of Al3+ ions. The activation energies in some(prenominal) ferrimagnetic and paramagnetic region of the composition are determined from the slope of several(prenominal) lines. Activation energies in ferromagnetic region are found very less than that of a paramagnetic region. These investigated results are in good transcription with reported in literature.For ferromagnetic material ,the activation energy lies in among 0.1 eV to 0.3 eV and for ferromagnetic it is in between 0.3 eV to 0.5 eV.In ionic crystal the dielectric aeonian decreases rapidly with increasing frequency and then reaches a unalterable value. It is seen that the value of the dielectric invariable is very high at low frequencies and decreases with increasing frequency, then at higher frequency they become almost constant. The electron exchange between Fe+2 and Fe+3 ions cannot follow the change of the outside(a) field beyond certain frequency. Due to this fact the dielectric constant dectreases with increase in frequency.The dielectric constant and dielectric want tan tan decreases with increasing frequency for all CuFe2-2yAl2yO4 compositions. I t is seen that the value of dielectric constant and dielectric loss tangent tan increases with addition of Al3+ ions. The decrease in the electrical resistivity at low temperature is attributed to the impurities, which reside at the grain boundaries. The decrease in resistivity with increasing temperature could be attributed to negative temperature coefficient of resistance of CuFe2-2yAl2yO4. Therefore it is concluded that aluminum capacitance influences electrical conductivity and microstructure of copper ferrite.The variation of AC resistivity is nearly frequency independent at low frequencies. It is also seen that, the resistivity varies with aluminum content. As the aluminum content increases, the ac resistivity decreases. The behaviour of data indicates that, hoping of charge carrier among place is more predominant. It is also found that small polarons play a role in the conduction process.The conduction mechanism and dielectric behaviour are found to be strongly colrelated for all the prepared samples.ConclusionsAn attempt is do to meet the challenges for the advancements in the new ferrite technology. The variation in the structural, electrical and magneticproperties of spinel copper ferrites introduced by the substitution of aluminum. The obtained results are summarized with following important concluding remarks XRD epitome revealed that all the samples have single phase cubic spinel structure. Crystallite size be within 50 nm to 100 nm. All the samples are some porous evident from SEM analysis X-Ray density decreases with increase in Al+3 content. Physical density decreases with increase in Al+3 content. Porosity increases with increase in Al+3 content. ingredient size increases with increase in Al+3 content. Ionic radii RA( Tetrahedral side) increases with increase in Al+3 content. Ionic radii RB( Octahedral side) increases with increase in Al+3 content. Ionic bond length A-O decreases with increase in Al+3 content. Ionic bond length B-O incr eases with increase in Al+3 content. Ionic bond length A-O decreases with increase in Al+3 content. Lattice constant a increases with increase in Al+3 content. Lattice constant c decreases with increase in Al+3 content. Dielectric constant decreases with increase in frequency. Dielectric loss factor decreases with increase in frequency. Loss tangent also decreases with increase in frequency. A.C. resistivity remains approximately uniform over a wide range of frequency. D.C. resistivity increases with increase in temperature. Curie temperature decreases with Al+3 content. Saturation magnetisation decreases with Al+3 content. Magnetic moment decreases with Al+3 content. Retentivity decreases with Al+3 content. Coercivity decreases with Al+3 content. The dielectric constant and dielectric loss decreases with the increase in frequencyin all the samples of the four series investigated. The synthesized nanomaterials possess high saturation magnetization, lowcoercivity and improved way o f life temperature resistivity together with low dielectricloss. Data obtained demonstrate the ability to subscriber line properties of doped copper-ferrite tomatch intended applications.